Abstract: The disclosure relates to a glass window for optical systems, in particular for LiDAR systems, in which the glass window has a curved form. For length scales between 0.1 mm and 15 mm, at least 50% of the area of the glass window has a geometrical slope error SEG for which the following is true: SEG<?2.3·10?6·2·R0[1/mm]+7.3·10?4.

Abstract: A method for the production of glass or glass ceramic elements from flat glass or glass ceramic parts is provided where the edges of the glass or glass ceramic elements are treated by a combination of two processes. The flat glass or glass ceramic element with an edge surface connecting the two side surfaces is produced. The edge surface has at least one first elongated, strip-shaped edge region and at least one second elongated strip-shaped edge region, which are formed by a ground edge. The edge regions extend in the longitudinal direction along the edge surface and along the side surfaces. The first edge region has elongated parallel filamentary damages that are parallel and adjacent to one another and, in particular, spaced apart equidistantly, in the longitudinal direction thereof extending transversely to the side surfaces and along the surface of the first edge region.

Abstract: A method for the production of glass or glass ceramic elements from flat glass or glass ceramic parts is provided where the edges of the glass or glass ceramic elements are treated by a combination of two processes. The flat glass or glass ceramic element with an edge surface connecting the two side surfaces is produced. The edge surface has at least one first elongated, strip-shaped edge region and at least one second elongated strip-shaped edge region, which are formed by a ground edge. The edge regions extend in the longitudinal direction along the edge surface and along the side surfaces. The first edge region has elongated parallel filamentary damages that are parallel and adjacent to one another and, in particular, spaced apart equidistantly, in the longitudinal direction thereof extending transversely to the side surfaces and along the surface of the first edge region.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating a portion from a sheet-like glass or glass ceramic element along an intended separation line to divide the element into the portion and a main part. The method includes producing filamentary damages a volume of the glass or glass ceramic element adjacently aligned along the separation line, the filamentary damages are produced by laser pulses of a laser, the glass or glass ceramic element comprises a material that is transparent for the laser pulses; displacing incidence points of the laser pulses on a surface of the glass or glass ceramic element thereof along the separation line; and subjecting the material of the glass or glass ceramic element located in a region of the portion to a phase transition so that the material contracts to detach the portion from the main part at the adjacently aligned filamentary damages along the separation line, while the main part remains intact as a whole.

Abstract: A method is provided for aligning scoring tools and for scoring glass, in particular thin glass, along predetermined scoring lines in preparation for breaking along the score. Glass substrates, in particular thin glass substrates, produced by such method are also provided. The method includes the determination of the actual orientation of the cutting edge of the scoring tool and aligning of the cutting edge to a target orientation of the cutting edge.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating a portion from a sheet-like glass or glass ceramic element along an intended separation line to divide the element into the portion and a main part. The method includes producing filamentary damages a volume of the glass or glass ceramic element adjacently aligned along the separation line, the filamentary damages are produced by laser pulses of a laser, the glass or glass ceramic element comprises a material that is transparent for the laser pulses; displacing incidence points of the laser pulses on a surface of the glass or glass ceramic element thereof along the separation line; and subjecting the material of the glass or glass ceramic element located in a region of the portion to a phase transition so that the material contracts to detach the portion from the main part at the adjacently aligned filamentary damages along the separation line, while the main part remains intact as a whole.

Abstract: A method is provided for aligning scoring tools and for scoring glass, in particular thin glass, along predetermined scoring lines in preparation for breaking along the score. Glass substrates, in particular thin glass substrates, produced by such method are also provided. The method includes the determination of the actual orientation of the cutting edge of the scoring tool and aligning of the cutting edge to a target orientation of the cutting edge.

Abstract: A method for separating a substrate of a brittle-hard material is provided. The method includes the steps of introducing defects into the substrate at a spacing from one another along a separation line using at least one pulsed laser beam; selecting an average spacing between neighboring defects and a number of laser pulses for generating a respective defect such that a breaking stress (?B) for separating the substrate along the separation line is smaller than a first reference stress (?R1) of the substrate and such that an edge strength ?K of the separation edge obtained after separation is greater than a second reference stress (?R2) of the substrate; and separating the substrate after introducing the defects by applying a stress along the separation line.

Abstract: A method for the production of glass or glass ceramic elements from flat glass or glass ceramic parts is provided where the edges of the glass or glass ceramic elements are treated by a combination of two processes. The flat glass or glass ceramic element with an edge surface connecting the two side surfaces is produced. The edge surface has at least one first elongated, strip-shaped edge region and at least one second elongated strip-shaped edge region, which are formed by a ground edge. The edge regions extend in the longitudinal direction along the edge surface and along the side surfaces. The first edge region has elongated parallel filamentary damages that are parallel and adjacent to one another and, in particular, spaced apart equidistantly, in the longitudinal direction thereof extending transversely to the side surfaces and along the surface of the first edge region.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating a portion from a sheet-like glass or glass ceramic element along an intended separation line to divide the element into the portion and a main part. The method includes producing filamentary damages a volume of the glass or glass ceramic element adjacently aligned along the separation line, the filamentary damages are produced by laser pulses of a laser, the glass or glass ceramic element comprises a material that is transparent for the laser pulses; displacing incidence points of the laser pulses on a surface of the glass or glass ceramic element thereof along the separation line; and subjecting the material of the glass or glass ceramic element located in a region of the portion to a phase transition so that the material contracts to detach the portion from the main part at the adjacently aligned filamentary damages along the separation line, while the main part remains intact as a whole.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for treating gases and/or liquids with radiation or for detecting radiation in gases and/or liquids, including at least one optical system and a reactor. The reactor has a hollow body shape which includes lateral surfaces, connecting parts, and an inner chamber which may be open to the front and rear sides, through which a medium flows or in which the medium is present. The reactor is designed, at least partially, in the form of a radiation reflector and is divided into first and second functional areas. This enables a particularly homogeneous radiation distribution in the inner chamber of the reactor, which increases the efficiency of the treatment or detection. Also, due to this arrangement, the system is more compact.

Abstract: A method is provided for aligning scoring tools and for scoring glass, in particular thin glass, along predetermined scoring lines in preparation for breaking along the score. Glass substrates, in particular thin glass substrates, produced by such method are also provided. The method includes the determination of the actual orientation of the cutting edge of the scoring tool and aligning of the cutting edge to a target orientation of the cutting edge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for treating gases and/or liquids with radiation or for detecting radiation in gases and/or liquids, including at least one optical system and a reactor. The reactor has a hollow body shape which includes lateral surfaces, connecting parts, and an inner chamber which may be open to the front and rear sides, through which a medium flows or in which the medium is present. The reactor is designed, at least partially, in the form of a radiation reflector and is divided into first and second functional areas. This enables a particularly homogeneous radiation distribution in the inner chamber of the reactor, which increases the efficiency of the treatment or detection. Also, due to this arrangement, the system is more compact.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that heats the glass of a primary glass product to be formed. The apparatus includes a laser that emits light at a wavelength for which the glass of the primary glass product is at most partly transparent, such that the light is absorbed at least partially in the glass. The apparatus also includes a mold having a forming mandrel having a thermally stable ceramic material, at least in the region that forms the contact surface with the glass during the forming process.

Abstract: A method for the production of protection devices is provided. The method includes the step of providing a tile package. The provision of the tile package includes the steps of: laminating at least one board of a tile material onto a polymer foil; scoring the board on the side which is opposite to the polymer foil; and fracturing the board along the scoring lines for achieving a plurality of tiles which are fixed on the polymer foil.

Abstract: A method for the production of protection devices is provided. The method includes the step of providing a tile package. The provision of the tile package includes the steps of: laminating at least one board of a tile material onto a polymer foil; scoring the board on the side which is opposite to the polymer foil; and fracturing the board along the scoring lines for achieving a plurality of tiles which are fixed on the polymer foil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing optical glass elements, in particular optical prisms or optical rod lenses, using a drawing process. The geometry of the glass strand which is to be produced is controlled by means of cooling or heating elements positioned at least around portions of the periphery or longitudinal axis of the glass strand, inside or outside the heating apparatus.

Abstract: A process for shaping a body with elongate structures on its surface, bodies produced using the process, and to apparatuses having these bodies are provided. For this purpose, a preform is provided, at the surface, with structures which are elongate along one direction, the preform is heated at least in one region and the preform is drawn in the heated state until at least part of the preform has adopted a cross section which substantially corresponds to the desired cross-sectional shape or final cross-sectional shape. The preform is heated by means of radiation which has a spectral distribution which is such that at most half of the radiation power is absorbed during a single pass through the material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing optical glass elements, in particular optical prisms or optical rod lenses, using a drawing process. The geometry of the glass strand which is to be produced is controlled by means of cooling or heating elements positioned at least around portions of the periphery or longitudinal axis of the glass strand, inside or outside the heating apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for shaping a body with elongate structures on its surface, to bodies produced using the process and to apparatuses comprising bodies of this type, in order to enable spacers to be produced with a high degree of lateral positioning accuracy, in large numbers and at low cost with a process of this type. For this purpose, a preform is provided, at the surface (13), with structures (2-11, 2A, 11A, 2B) which are elongate along one direction, the preform which has been provided with the structures is heated at least in one region (14) and the preform is drawn in the heated state until at least part of the preform has adopted a cross section which substantially corresponds to the desired cross-sectional shape or final cross-sectional shape. The preform is heated by means of radiation which has a spectral distribution which is such that at most half of the radiation power is absorbed during a single pass through the material.