Abstract: Flexible, sheet-like substrates having an abrasive surface, which are obtainable by applying an aqueous solution or dispersion of at least one precondensate of a heat-curable resin to the top and/or bottom of a flexible, sheet-like substrate in an amount of at least 5 to 90% by weight, based on the uncoated, dry substrate, crosslinking the precondensate and drying the treated substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing xerogel composites, which comprises: (a) provision of a composition comprising an organic gel precursor (A) comprising a monomer component (A1) composed of at least one polyfunctional isocyanate and a monomer component (A2) composed of at least one compound selected from among polyfunctional amines and polyfunctional hydroxy compounds; (b) reaction of the gel precursor (A) in the presence of an open-celled macroporous foam (B) and a solvent (C) to form a xerogel composite; (c) drying of the xerogel composite by conversion of the solvent (C) into the gaseous state at a temperature and a pressure below the critical temperature and the critical pressure of the solvent (C). The invention further relates to the xerogel composites which can be obtained in this way and their use as insulating material, for thermal insulation, vacuum insulation panels, in refrigeration units or in buildings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a xerogel comprising from 30 to 90% by weight of a monomer component (a1) composed of at least one polyfunctional isocyanate and from 10 to 70% by weight of a monomer component (a2) composed of at least one polyfunctional aromatic amine, at least one of which is selected from 4,4?-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4?-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2?-dIamino-diphenylmethane and oligomeric diaminodiphenylmethane, where the sum of the % by weight of monomer components (a1) and (a2) adds up to 100% by weight and where the monomer components are present in polymeric form in the xerogel and the volume-weighted mean pore diameter of the xerogel is at most 5 ?m. The invention further relates to a process for preparing xerogels, to the xerogels thus obtainable and to the use of the xerogels as an insulating material and in vacuum insulation panels.

Abstract: Process for the production of moldings from nanoporous polymer materials, comprising the stages of a) preparation of a multiphase polymer mixture with domains in the range from 5 to 200 nm, b) impregnation of the polymer mixture with a blowing agent, where the solubility of the blowing agent in the phase forming the domains is at least twice as high as in the adjacent phases, c) expansion of the multiphase polymer mixture comprising blowing agent, by introducing the polymer mixture into a cavity and expanding it therein, thus obtaining the molding.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing xerogel composites, which comprises: (a) provision of a composition comprising an organic gel precursor (A) comprising a monomer component (A1) composed of at least one polyfunctional isocyanate and a monomer component (A2) composed of at least one compound selected from among polyfunctional amines and polyfunctional hydroxy compounds; (b) reaction of the gel precursor (A) in the presence of an open-celled macroporous foam (B) and a solvent (C) to form a xerogel composite; (c) drying of the xerogel composite by conversion of the solvent (C) into the gaseous state at a temperature and a pressure below the critical temperature and the critical pressure of the solvent (C). The invention further relates to the xerogel composites which can be obtained in this way and their use as insulating material, for thermal insulation, vacuum insulation panels, in refrigeration units or in buildings.

Abstract: Process for producing porous polyisocyanate polyaddition products by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates in the presence of (f) solvent, wherein compounds having a functionality toward isocyanates of at least 6 and a molecular weight of at least 1000 g/mol are used as (b) compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates.

Abstract: A recording material printable with an ink jet printer and having a gel layer for that purpose.

Abstract: A nanoporous polymer foam having an average pore diameter in the range of from 10 nm to 1000 nm, obtainable by means of a process comprising the following stages: a) providing a solution of a polycondensation reactive resin in an organic solvent, b) mixing the solution with a curing catalyst for the polycondensation reactive resin and curing the reactive components to form a gel, and c) removing the organic solvent, and the use thereof for thermal insulation purposes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a xerogel comprising from 30 to 90% by weight of a monomer component (a1) composed of at least one polyfunctional isocyanate and from 10 to 70% by weight of a monomer component (a2) composed of at least one polyfunctional aromatic amine, at least one of which is selected from 4,4?-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4?-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,2?-diaminodiphenylmethane and oligomeric diaminodiphenylmethane, where the sum of the % by weight of monomer components (a1) and (a2) adds up to 100% by weight and where the monomer components are present in polymeric form in the xerogel and the volume-weighted mean pore diameter of the xerogel is at most 5 ?m, The invention further relates to a process for preparing xerogels, to the xerogels thus obtainable and to the use of the xerogels as an insulating material and in vacuum insulation panels.

Abstract: Flexible, sheet-like substrates having an abrasive surface, which are obtainable by applying an aqueous solution or dispersion of at least one precondensate of a heat-curable resin to the top and/or bottom of a flexible, sheet-like substrate in an amount of at least 5 to 90% by weight, based on the uncoated, dry substrate, crosslinking the precondensate and drying the treated substrate.

Abstract: Process for the production of moldings from nanoporous polymer materials, comprising the stages of a) preparation of a multiphase polymer mixture with domains in the range from 5 to 200 nm, b) impregnation of the polymer mixture with a blowing agent, where the solubility of the blowing agent in the phase forming the domains is at least twice as high as in the adjacent phases, c) expansion of the multiphase polymer mixture comprising blowing agent, by introducing the polymer mixture into a cavity and expanding it therein, thus obtaining the molding.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous material comprising a substrate based on at least one organic polymer A and a coating, where vii) the uncoated substrate based on the organic polymer A is macroporous, viii) the surface of the macroporous substrate is coated with a polymer B based on reactive resins, and ix) this coating with a polymer B is nanoporous and the mean diameter of the nanopores is not more than 1000 nm, and recording materials being excepted. The invention also relates to a process for producing the porous material and to the use of the porous material as a filter for gases or liquids. Finally, the invention relates to filters comprising the porous material, and to a process for filtering gases or liquids.

Abstract: A nanoporous polymer foam having an average pore diameter in the range of from 10 nm to 1000 nm, obtainable by means of a process comprising the following stages: a) providing a solution of a polycondensation reactive resin in an organic solvent, b) mixing the solution with a curing catalyst for the polycondensation reactive resin and curing the reactive components to form a gel, and c) removing the organic solvent, and the use thereof for thermal insulation purposes.

Abstract: A process for producing a recording material printable with an ink jet printer and having a gel layer for that purpose comprises a) coating a support with a dispersion or solution of an organic gel former that is chemically crosslinkable by polycondensation or poly adduct formation, b) then effecting gel formation by polycondensation or poly adduct formation, and c) finally drying the gel.

Abstract: Process for producing porous polyisocyanate polyaddition products by reacting (a) isocyanates with (b) compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates in the presence of (f) solvent, wherein compounds having a functionality toward isocyanates of at least 6 and a molecular weight of at least 1000 g/mol are used as (b) compounds which are reactive toward isocyanates.

Abstract: Process for producing polymer foams derived from reactive polycondensation resins and having a maximum pore diameter of 1 ?m, which comprises: 1) preparing a gelable mixture of the reactive polycondensation resin in a solvent or dispersion medium, 2) preparing an aqueous dispersion comprising polymer particles, 3) mixing the mixture from step 1) with the dispersion from step 2) to give a water-containing gel, and 4) drying the water-containing gel to give the polymer foam, with drying in step 4) being carried out at a pressure and a temperature which are below the critical pressure and below the critical temperature of the liquid phase of the gel and the gel not being brought into contact with an organic liquid to replace the water present in the gel by this liquid after step 3) and before step 4).

Abstract: Nanoporous polymer foams, obtainable by curing microemulsions. The microemulsion comprises an aqueous reactive resin phase, a suitable amphiphile and an oil phase, and the reactive components may be subjected to a polycondensation. In a subsequent drying operation, the thus obtained gel particles are freed of the fluid components.

Abstract: Paper, board and cardboard are produced by adding (i) at least one retention aid and (ii) ionic, water-insoluble, uncrosslinked, organic microparticles which have an average particle size of less than 500 nm and a content of polymerized ionic monomers of less than 1% by weight or water-insoluble, uncrosslinked, organic microparticles having an average particle size of less than 500 nm and a content of polymerized ionic monomers of not more than 10% by weight, which are obtainable by polymerizing the monomers in the presence of silica, waterglass, bentonite and/or mixtures thereof, to a paper stock and draining the paper stock over a wire.

Abstract: In paper coating slips containing, as a binder, a copolymer which is obtainable by free radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, at least one of the ethylenically unsaturated compounds is a polymer having at least one copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group, a number average molecular weight of from 500 to 50000 g/mol and at least one carboxyl group (referred to below as ethylenically unsaturated polymer for short).

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous styrene-butadiene polymer dispersion by free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture M containing from 40 to 80% by weight of styrene as monomer M1, from 20 to 60% by weight of butadiene as monomer M2, and from 0 to 40% by weight, based on 100% by weight of monomers, of ethylenically unsaturated comonomers M3 other than styrene and butadiene by a monomer feed technique in the presence of from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, based on 100% by weight of monomers, of at least one hydrocarbon HC having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, which is selected from compounds which on abstraction of a hydrogen atom form a pentadienyl radical or a 1-phenylallyl radical and from &agr;-methylstyrene dimer comprises including at least 30% of the hydrocarbon HC in the initial charge to the polymerization vessel and supplying the remainder of the hydrocarbon HC to the polymerization reaction in the course of that reaction.