Abstract: A method for producing cis,trans- and trans,trans-isomers of muconate by providing cis,cis -muconate produced from a renewable carbon source through biocatalytic conversion; isomerizing cis,cis-muconate to cis,trans-muconate under reaction conditions in which substantially all of the cis,cis-muconate is isomerized to cis,trans -muconate; separating the cis,trans-muconate; and crystallizing the cis,trans-muconate. The cis,trans-isomer can be further isomerized to the trans,trans-isomer. In one example, the method includes culturing recombinant cells that express 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase, protocatechuate decarboxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase in a medium comprising the renewable carbon source and under conditions in which the renewable carbon source is converted to 3-dehydroshikimate by enzymes in the common pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis of the cell, and the 3-dehydroshikimate is biocatalytically converted to cis,cis-muconate.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved process for the sulfonation of hydroxyaromatics amenable to direct isolation of the sulfonylated hydroxyaromatics in their free-acid forms. The process allows for the recyclization of sulfuric acid and minimizes waste. The starting materials are from a renewal resource, e.g., biomass, and contain detectable 14C up to a 14C content of 0.0000000001% (one part per trillion). The products made include sulfonated catechol, disulfonated pyrogallol and sulfonated protocatechuic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the isomerization of cis,cis and/or cis,trans muconic acid or esters thereof to trans,trans muconic acid or esters thereof and to the esterification of such muconic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyesters prepared from benzene, cyclohexene and cyclohexane compounds having carboxylic acid groups at the 1 and 4, and optionally the 2, positions, such as terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalates, and alkylene glycols, such ethylene glycol or 1,4-butane diol. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such polyesters. The invention also relates to such polyesters derived from starting materials derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: Provided herein are processes for preparing caprolactam from a starting material such as one or more of the cis,cis-, cis,trans- and trans,trans-double-bond isomers of muconamide, muconic acid ester, or muconic acid. The starting material, intermediates, and caprolactam prepared therefrom can contain carbon atoms derived from biomass containing detectable 14C content determined according to ASTM D6866 and optionally containing a 14C content up to 0.0000000001% (one part per trillion). Caprolactam so prepared can be used to make various polyamides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted and unsubstituted terephthalic acid and carboxylate derivatives and products prepared therefrom having a significant renewable content. The invention also relates to processes for preparing substituted and unsubstituted terephthalic and carboxylate derivatives thereof wherein a portion of the starting materials utilized is derived from renewable resources. The invention also relates to novel cyclohexene based intermediates prepared in these processes and to conversion of these intermediates to substituted and unsubstituted cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylates and carboxylate derivatives thereof and novel forms of the resulting products having renewable content. The invention also relates to products prepared from substituted and unsubstituted terephthalic acid and carboxylate derivatives thereof derived from starting materials derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyclohexanes having carboxylate derivatives at the 1 and 4, and optionally the 2, position. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such compounds wherein a portion of the starting materials utililzed is derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: A method for producing cis,trans- and trans,trans-isomers of muconate by providing cis,cis-muconate produced from a renewable carbon source through biocatalytic conversion; isomerizing cis,cis-muconate to cis,trans-muconate under reaction conditions in which substantially all of the cis,cis-muconate is isomerized to cis,trans-muconate; separating the cis,trans-muconate; and crystallizing the cis,trans-muconate. The cis,trans-isomer can be further isomerized to the trans,trans-isomer. In one example, the method includes culturing recombinant cells that express 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase, protocatechuate decarboxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase in a medium comprising the renewable carbon source and under conditions in which the renewable carbon source is converted to 3-dehydroshikimate by enzymes in the common pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis of the cell, and the 3-dehydroshikimate is biocatalytically converted to cis,cis-muconate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted and unsubstituted terephthalic acid and carboxylate derivatives and products prepared therefrom having a significant renewable content. The invention also relates to processes for preparing substituted and unsubstituted terephthalic and carboxylate derivatives thereof wherein a portion of the starting materials utilized is derived from renewable resources. The invention also relates to novel cyclohexene based intermediates prepared in these processes and to conversion of these intermediates to substituted and unsubstituted cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylates and carboxylate derivatives thereof and novel forms of the resulting products having renewable content. The invention also relates to products prepared from substituted and unsubstituted terephthalic acid and carboxylate derivatives thereof derived from starting materials derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyclohexanes having carboxylate derivatives at the 1 and 4, and optionally the 2, position. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such compounds wherein a portion of the starting materials utililzed is derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyesters prepared from benzene, cyclohexene and cyclohexane compounds having carboxylic acid groups at the 1 and 4, and optionally the 2, positions, such as terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalates, and alkylene glycols, such ethylene glycol or 1,4-butane diol. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such polyesters. The invention also relates to such polyesters derived from starting materials derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyclohexenes having carboxylate derivatives at the 1 and 4, and optionally the 2, position. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such compounds wherein a portion of the starting materials utilized is derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved process for the sulfonation of hydroxyaromatics amenable to direct isolation of the sulfonylated hydroxyaromatics in their free-acid forms. The process allows for the recyclization of sulfuric acid and minimizes waste. The starting materials are from a renewal resource, e.g., biomass, and contain detectable 14C up to a 14C content of 0.0000000001% (one part per trillion). The products made include sulfonated catechol, disulfonated pyrogallol and sulfonated protocatechuic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the isomerization of cis,cis and/or cis,trans muconic acid or esters thereof to trans,trans muconic acid or esters thereof and to the esterification of such muconic acids.

Abstract: A method of minimizing intragranular oxidation of TiON and providing a low resistivity film that provides for highly textured metal overlayers. The method provides an in situ diffusion barrier for subsequent high temperature metal deposition or processes. An in situ process eliminates the need for a fortification anneal immediately following the barrier deposition, thus reducing the number of metal processing steps and providing for a more economical process or for subsequent high temperature metal deposition. The surface properties of the TiON allow for improved texture in those metal overlayers as well as low diffusion barrier resistivity.