Abstract: The present invention provides a test meal composition, a test meal packaging, a test meal kit, and methods and uses of same for detection of prediabetes in an individual. The test meal composition comprises dextrose, lecithin, and soy protein. Additionally, the test meal composition is packaged for consumption by an individual based on a body weight of the individual. The consumption of the test meal is used in methods for detection of prediabetes, and the determination of efficacy of diabetes treatments. Assessment of the presence and degree of prediabetes and diabetes is based on the degree of meal-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.

Abstract: There is provided a method of reducing insulin resistance in a mammalian patient comprising selecting a patient suffering from insulin resistance and administering a compound which increases hepatic glutathione and a compound which increases hepatic nitric oxide.

Abstract: There is provided the use of a phosphodiesterase antagonist to reduce insulin resistance, and to amplify the effect of nitric oxide on skeletal muscle insulin-mediated glucose uptake in a mammal. In some instances, the antagonist is targeted to the liver. In some instances, the insulin resistance is hepatic insulin sensitizing substance (“HISS”) dependant insulin resistance.

Abstract: There is provided a method of reducing insulin resistance in a mammalian subject comprising administering a suitable acetylcholine esterase antagonist.