Abstract: A high velocity absorber has a lower larger diameter tank section for receiving a slurry at a liquid level in the. tank section, an upper smaller diameter absorber section where liquid scrubbing agent is mingled with flue gas from which impurities are to be absorbed, and a low pressure drop inlet assembly having a transition structure between the tank section and the absorber section for closing a gas flow path and a liquid flow path between the tank section and the absorber section. An inlet housing is connected to and communicates with the transition structure for inlet of flue gas into the transition structure between the tank section and the absorber section.

Abstract: A low pressure drop inlet arrangement for an absorber having straight walls has a perforated tray positioned above the gas inlet opening between the walls of the absorber. A ring around the outer edge of the tray lacks perforations, or the perforations are covered. A drip ledge may be positioned on the bottom of the tray around the inner edge of the non-perforated ring. Baffles are positioned over the tray as well. The baffles may extend between the walls of the absorber, or they may only occupy the space over the perforations in the tray and the size of the tray perforations may be varied to control the overall pressure drop. An absorber made in accordance with the invention experiences a low pressure drop at the gas inlet opening.

Abstract: An improvement in a center inlet type scrubber that retrofit the scrubber with a perforated tray made up of rectangular or partially rectangular sections supported on beam supports in the annulus of the scrubber. The supports can be modified to form turning vanes or additional turning vanes can be employed. One or more perforated trays may be installed in the annulus to help correct the problem.

Abstract: An apparatus to mix a slurry mixture with an oxidization air within a reaction tank of a wet scrubber spray tower of a flue gas desulfurization system for a furnace. The apparatus improves the contact between forced oxidization air and slurry mixture within the reaction tank.

Abstract: A system and method for distributing, injecting, and dispersing a sorbent mixture of sorbent and compressed filtered flue gas into the combustion furnace portion of a boiler furnace. Prior to injection into the combustion furnace, the sorbent mixture is heated with steam and distributed within the combustion furnace through a plurality of injection tubes having their ends arranged in a grid and oriented substantially toward the combustion furnace flue gas flow.

Abstract: An apparatus to mix a slurry mixture with an oxidization air within a reaction tank of a wet scrubber spray tower of a flue gas desulfurization system for a furnace. The apparatus improves the contact between forced oxidization air and slurry mixture within the reaction tank.

Abstract: A system for removing SO.sub.2, NO.sub.2, and other contaminants from flue gases uses hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) as the reagent to convert the oxides of sulfur and some of the oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO.sub.2, etc.) to more stable oxidation states. Acids formed as a result of this conversion, namely sulfuric acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and nitric acid (HNO.sub.3) can then be neutralized with limestone or, alternatively, the sulfuric and nitric acids can be collected and processed for sale as an industrial product.

Abstract: A high velocity gas absorber for desulfurization of flue gas has a uniquely formed awning and inlet having an inclined awning extending upwardly from the inlet at an angle between 5 and 20 degrees and having strategically placed triangularly shaped gutters therealong for drawing the liquid flow across the inlet while the inlet bottom plate is inclined downward at an angle of approximately 60 degrees of the inlet horizontal bottom plate into the liquid of the absorber's recirculation tank to reduce splash into the inlet.

Abstract: A wet flue gas desulfurization scrubbing tower has means therein for evenly distributing the flue gas flowing through the tower for more efficient treatment therein including a ring plenum for evenly exhausting the flue gas around the periphery of the tower through a series of differently sized openings and a centrally located annular opening for evenly exhausting the flue gas to the center of the tower.

Abstract: A system for removing SO.sub.2, NO.sub.2, and other contaminants from flue gases uses hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) as the reagent to convert the oxides of sulfur and some of the oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO.sub.2, etc.) to more stable oxidation states. Acids formed as a result of this conversion, namely sulfuric acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and nitric acid (HNO.sub.3) can then be neutralized with limestone or, alternatively, the sulfuric and nitric acids can be collected and processed for sale as an industrial product.

Abstract: A wet flue gas desulfurization scrubbing tower has means therein for evenly distributing the flue gas flowing through the tower for more efficient treatment therein including a ring plenum for evenly exhausting the flue gas around the periphery of the tower through a series of differently sized openings and a centrally located annular opening for evenly exhausting the flue gas to the center of the tower.

Abstract: An integrated spray header tray assembly (18) for a wet flue gas desulfurization spray tower (10) wherein a series of spray headers (22) having opposed nozzles (26) for desulfurizing spray are located along a perforated plate (24) acting as one set of baffles (30) while a second set of baffles (32) positioned perpendicularly thereto forms a baffled tray with the perforated plate (24) and headers (22) while allowing the introduction of desulfurizing spray from the header nozzles (22) parallel to the perforated tray (24).

Abstract: A in-situ forced oxidation system is retrofitted into a wet FGD (flue gas desufurization) scrubber with no vessel penetrations below the water line of the scrubber and no additional load on the scrubber walls.

Abstract: A method for measuring a pressure drop at a component within a flue gas desulfurization vessel caused by a gas flow includes locating a plurality of taps near the component to be measured in order to receive a portion of the flow. A line leading from the tap is connected to a pressure measuring device in order to measure the pressure at the component based on the flow fed into the tap. After the pressure is measured, the line is disconnected from the pressure device and connected to a cleaning device in order to clean the connecting line and tap. After cleaning the tap, air is blown through the line in order to dry the line for the next measurement. The pressure drop determined is used to calculate the liquid flow passing through the system from pre established relationships.

Abstract: A method for converting a double-loop flue gas desulfurization system to a single-loop desulfurization system includes removing the deep packing from the scrubber housing and replacing the packing with a thin tray having a plurality of perforations. The return line which connects the bowl is removed from the feed tank; and a plurality of openings, apertures or perforations are provided in the shroud ring and the bowl of the housing in order to permit slurry to pass from upper spray headers to the bottom of the housing as well as permit flue gas flow upwardly through the housing to the flue gas outlet. The lower spray headers are removed from the housing and the feed line connected to the lower spray headers is reconnected to the feed tank for providing the single-loop. An oxidation air system is provided in the feed tank for creating an in-situ forced oxidation system.

Abstract: An absorber tower that is configured to progressively increase the flow of the flue gas therethrough. This is accomplished by reducing the cross-sectional area of the tower (either continuously or in steps) thereby forcing the gas to increase in velocity as it travels toward the exit conduit.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring a liquid flow through a liquid spray nozzle which provides liquid from a header in a flue gas desulfurization system includes a spool having an outlet and connected to the header and the nozzle for channeling the liquid from the header to the nozzle. The outlet permits an amount of the liquid to be channeled out of the spool; and a conduit is connected to the outlet of the spool for channeling the amount of the liquid from the outlet to the outside of the vessel. A measuring device such as a pressure gauge is located outside of the vessel and is operatively connected to the conduit in order to determine the liquid flow of the nozzle based on the pressure of the liquid channeled through the conduit. A flushing device is operatively connected to the conduit for channeling a flushing liquid through the conduit in order to clean the conduit of any deposits or build-up. A plurality of valves are used in order to regulate liquid flow and purge water flow.

Abstract: A device for deflecting a liquid slurry flow in a housing away from an inlet flue conveying hot flue gas to the housing, the device having an upper surface and communicating with the housing at an inner wall of the housing. An inlet awning having a bottom portion horizontally extends into the housing from an upper surface of the inlet flue. An inclined top portion is connected to the bottom portion and an inner wall of the housing, the top portion extending upwardly at an incline from the bottom portion to the inner wall of the housing, the top portion having sufficient area to collect liquid slurry in excess of that required to achieve instant cooling and humidification of the hot flue gas, the top and bottom portions forming a tip at an area where the top portion is connected to the bottom portion.

Abstract: A method of saturating and humidifying the incoming flue gas of a flue gas desulfurization process without the need for underspray headers or the like. Initial humidification occurs by passing the incoming flue gas through a continuous liquid curtain of recycled bottoms product falling from an awning over the flue gas inlet. Further saturation and humidification occurs by causing recycled bottoms product to fall or rain from an overhead tray or grid onto the flue gas prior to passing through the tray or grid. In order to accomplish such humidification, there is an unobstructed passageway between the flue gas inlet and the lowermost tray or grid.

Abstract: A fluid bed combustor comprising a generally rectangular housing defining a freeboard space. A plurality of vertically spaced and horizontally staggered beds are provided in the housing and extend inwardly into the space from a rear wall and from a front wall of the housing. A serpentine flue gas path is defined between the staggered beds. Each bed is supplied with combustion air and fluidizable fuel with the freeboard space of each bed including gases from that bed plus gases from all previous beds in the flue gas path. In this way an increased residence time is established without substantially increasing the dimensions of the combustor. A simplified recycle system can also be provided since materials from each bed cascade down into a lower bed so that all materials are eventually accumulated in the lowest beds from which they can be removed.