Abstract: An electronic device interfaced with a multiple digital signatures security engine, internally or externally, which enable the device to obtain PUF-based security credentials with the option to generate multiple unique digital signatures from the same source of PUF entropy. The multiple digital signatures security zone includes a source of PUF entropy dynamically measurable, a non-volatile memory storage media and a digital circuitry performing all the functions requested by the electronic device interfaced. The electronic device is able to select and switch between which unique digital signature to be involved for its related cybersecurity applications without depending on power-up sequences or single time operations after power-up sequence.

Abstract: A triggerable circuitry for a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) source and true random number generator comprises an array of metastable latches PUF cells units that produce output states in racing configuration dependent on manufacturing variations and noise fed into a counting circuit. The technology as a single circuit extracts detected random bits' states for true random numbers generation, different each time when requested, and is able to feed a PUF recovery system that will use the fairly static bits' patterns of the measured circuit although each time different.

Abstract: A real-time multi-channel EEG signal processor based on an on-line recursive independent component analysis is provided. A whitening unit generates covariance matrix by computing covariance according to a received sampling signal. A covariance matrix generates a whitening matrix by a computation of an inverse square root matrix calculation unit. An ORICA calculation unit computes the sampling signal and the whitening matrix to obtain a post-whitening sampling signal. The post-whitening sampling signal and an unmixing matrix implement an independent component analysis computation to obtain an independent component data. An ORICA training unit implements training of the unmixing matrix according to the independent component data to generate a new unmixing matrix. The ORICA calculation unit may use the new unmixing matrix to implement an independent component analysis computation. Hardware complexity and power consumption can be reduced by sharing registers and arithmetic calculation units.

Abstract: A rotation type optical tomography scanner is provided, including an illuminating unit disposed on a surface of an object-to-be-detected for emitting incident light to tissues under the surface of the object-to-be-detected; a detecting unit disposed on the object-to-be-detected and rotating around the illuminating unit to receive diffuse light diffused from the tissues under the surface of the object-to-be-detected and generate tissue sensing information; and a positioning unit for generating position information of the rotation type optical tomography scanner. The rotation type optical tomography scanner transmits the sensing information and the position information to a remodel module to rebuild the tissue images under the surface of the object-to-be-detected, thereby expanding the scanning range of the object-to-be-detected.

Abstract: A light detection apparatus and an image reconstruction method using the light detection apparatus are provided. The light detection apparatus includes a detection module and a control module. The detection module has a plurality of light detection units to constitute a hexagonal or honeycomb array structure. Each of the light detection units has a light-emitting element and a photosensitive element. The control module has a selector and a multiplexer. The selector selects at least one light-emitting element to produce a light source, so as to emit a plurality of photons to an object-under-test. The multiplexer selects at least one photosensitive element to detect light signals of the photons diffused to the object-under-test. The invention can obtain more light signals from the object-under-test to reconstruct images of the object-under-test.

Abstract: An independent component analysis processor conducts real-time operations of multiple-channel parallel signals. The processor includes an input buffering unit for receiving and storing multiple-channel parallel signals, a mean/covariance unit, a centering unit for removing direct current components in the multiple channels parallel signals, a whitening unit for performing a whitening process, and an ICA training unit and an ICA calculating unit that perform an independent component analysis process, to calculate independent components in the multiple-channel parallel signals and separate artifacts from the signals.

Abstract: A control and sensing system for diffusion optical tomography and a method for operating the same are disclosed. The control and sensing system includes a control unit and a sensing circuit with a plurality of light sources and sensors, each light source being surrounded by a corresponding predetermined number of the sensors. The control unit instructs the light sources to individually emit light to an object, so the object generates a plurality of optical signals, and instructs the predetermined number of the sensors corresponding to each light source to receive the optical signals and transmit them to the control unit, thereby reducing the complexity of the control and sensing system.

Abstract: A real-time multi-channel automatic eye blink artifact eliminator includes a receiving unit for receiving independent component data; a temporary storage unit for saving pieces of the independent component data to form a data segment; a detection unit for detecting an eye blink artifact in the data segment through a sample entropy algorithm to generate a sample entropy value corresponding to the data segment; and a processing unit for determining whether the data segment contains the eye blink artifact according to the sample entropy value to generate an output result, eliminating the eye blink artifact according to the output result and outputting processed independent component data. The receiving unit continuously receives a next piece of the independent component data and the temporary storage unit discards the oldest one and adds a new one to form a new data segment, thereby continuously performing the eye blink artifact elimination to each data segment.

Abstract: A real-time multi-channel EEG signal processor based on an on-line recursive independent component analysis is provided. A whitening unit generates covariance matrix by computing covariance according to a received sampling signal. A covariance matrix generates a whitening matrix by a computation of an inverse square root matrix calculation unit. An ORICA calculation unit computes the sampling signal and the whitening matrix to obtain a post-whitening sampling signal. The post-whitening sampling signal and an unmixing matrix implement an independent component analysis computation to obtain an independent component data. An ORICA training unit implements training of the unmixing matrix according to the independent component data to generate a new unmixing matrix. The ORICA calculation unit may use the new unmixing matrix to implement an independent component analysis computation. Hardware complexity and power consumption can be reduced by sharing registers and arithmetic calculation units.

Abstract: A real-time signal processing system and method based on multi-channel independent component analysis (ICA). A one-pass recursive ICA processor uses a computation module to perform multi-channel ICA on a set of first data to generate a plurality of second data and third data. A noise removing module uses the computation module to identify noise in the second data and remove the identified noise to generate a plurality of fourth data. A reconstruction module uses the computation module to reconstruct the set of first data based on the fourth data and the third data to generate a plurality of fifth data. The one-pass recursive ICA processor, the noise removing module, the reconstruction module and the computation module are all implemented on a single chip, such that the one-pass recursive ICA processor, the noise removing module and the reconstruction module share the same computation module to save hardware resources.

Abstract: A rotation type optical tomography scanner is provided, including an illuminating unit disposed on a surface of an object-to-be-detected for emitting incident light to tissues under the surface of the object-to-be-detected; a detecting unit disposed on the object-to-be-detected and rotating around the illuminating unit to receive diffuse light diffused from the tissues under the surface of the object-to-be-detected and generate tissue sensing information; and a positioning unit for generating position information of the rotation type optical tomography scanner. The rotation type optical tomography scanner transmits the sensing information and the position information to a remodel module to rebuild the tissue images under the surface of the object-to-be-detected, thereby expanding the scanning range of the object-to-be-detected.

Abstract: The invention provides a sleep apnea detection system and method. The system includes a detecting module, a processing module, a converting module and a determining module. The detecting module detects a plurality of peak time points of R-waves in an ECG (electrocardiograph) signal. The processing module calculates areas of the R-waves at a predetermined time range based on the peak time points, so as to produce a plurality of first R-wave area signals based on the areas and generate an EDR (ECG Derived Respiration) signal based on the peak time points and the first R-wave area signals. The converting module converts the EDR signal to a frequency signal. The determining module determines whether a maximum peak frequency of the frequency signal is at a first frequency segment or a second frequency segment to determine the frequency signal being an apnea signal or a normal breathing signal.

Abstract: A portable 2-dimension oximeter image device is disclosed. The portable 2-dimension oximeter image device includes a plurality of light sources for emitting light to an object to be measured such that a plurality of sensors can sense the intensity of reflected light from the measured object; an analysis processor for receiving the light intensity sensed by the front-end detectors to analyze and calculate based on an oxygen saturation distribution algorithm to generate oxygen saturation distribution information; an image reconstruction unit for reconstructing an image according to the oxygen saturation distribution information to generate image information with a color scale to demonstrate the differences in the object's oxygen saturation in each regional tissue of the object, thereby providing an effective and accurate regional detection range.

Abstract: A device and method for diffusion optical tomography are disclosed. The device includes a sensing circuit with a plurality of light sources and sensors and an optical tomography element having a control unit, a computation unit and an image reconstruction unit. First, the computation unit constructs an image model of an object using optical parameters of the object, and performs decomposition on the image model. Then, the control unit instructs the light sources to emit light to the object, and receives a plurality of optical signals generated by the object in response to the light. Finally, the image reconstruction unit combines the optical signals and the decomposed image model and reconstructs an image of the object based on the combination of the optical signals and the decomposed image model.

Abstract: An image processing unit for optical tomography is applicable in miniaturized diffusion optical tomography devices. It includes an image reconstructor and an image post-processor. The image reconstructor receives a plurality of optical signals generated from an reaction of an object under test with irradiating light and an inverse solution matrix of an image model of the object, and obtains scalar product on each of the optical signals and the inverse solution matrix through a sub-frame algorithm to generate an original image corresponding to the object. Then, the image post-processor performs a Gaussian extended algorithm on the original image to output a final image. With the image reconstruction and image post-processing of the present invention, slowing down of computation speed due to miniaturization of the conventional optical tomography techniques can be avoided, while providing good quality in the output image.

Abstract: A device and method for diffusion optical tomography are disclosed. The device includes a sensing circuit with a plurality of light sources and sensors and an optical tomography element having a control unit, a computation unit and an image reconstruction unit. First, the computation unit constructs an image model of an object using optical parameters of the object, and performs decomposition on the image model. Then, the control unit instructs the light sources to emit light to the object, and receives a plurality of optical signals generated by the object in response to the light. Finally, the image reconstruction unit combines the optical signals and the decomposed image model and reconstructs an image of the object based on the combination of the optical signals and the decomposed image model.

Abstract: A control and sensing system for diffusion optical tomography and a method for operating the same are disclosed. The control and sensing system includes a control unit and a sensing circuit with a plurality of light sources and sensors, each light source being surrounded by a corresponding predetermined number of the sensors. The control unit instructs the light sources to individually emit light to an object, so the object generates a plurality of optical signals, and instructs the predetermined number of the sensors corresponding to each light source to receive the optical signals and transmit them to the control unit, thereby reducing the complexity of the control and sensing system.

Abstract: An independent component analysis processor conducts real-time operations of multiple-channel parallel signals. The processor includes an input buffering unit for receiving and storing multiple-channel parallel signals, a mean/covariance unit, a centering unit for removing direct current components in the multiple channels parallel signals, a whitening unit for performing a whitening process, and an ICA training unit and an ICA calculating unit that perform an independent component analysis process, to calculate independent components in the multiple-channel parallel signals and separate artifacts from the signals.

Abstract: An image reconstruction method for diffuse optical tomography is implemented using a diffuse optical tomography system, and includes the steps of: a) activating one of optical detecting units of the diffuse optical tomography system to emit a near-infrared ray to illuminate a target for outputting a received light signal corresponding to one of a plurality of sub-frames of the tomographic image of the target; b) obtaining a light intensity matrix based upon the received light signal; c) obtaining an absorption coefficient matrix corresponding to the one of the sub-frames based upon a product of the light intensity matrix and an inverse matrix of a weight matrix; d) repeating steps a) to c) with activating another one of the optical detecting units until the absorption coefficient matrices corresponding respectively to the sub-frames are obtained; and e) reconstructing the tomographic image of the target based upon the absorption coefficient matrices.

Abstract: A system with applications in pattern recognition, or classification, of DNA assay samples. Because DNA reference and sample material in wells of an assay may be caused to fluoresce depending upon dye added to the material, the resulting light may be imaged onto an embodiment comprising an array of photodetectors and an adaptive neural network, with applications to DNA analysis. Other embodiments are described and claimed.