Abstract: Peptide sequencing is important in decoding data stored in a data-encoded peptide. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is particularly useful for peptide sequencing. In a computer-implemented method for sequencing the data-encoded peptide from an experimental spectrum, raw data of the experimental spectrum are first preprocessed to remove uninterpretable peaks to yield preprocessed data. A first set of one or more candidate sequences contending for a peptide sequence of the peptide is identified from a spectrum graph. The spectrum graph is formed according to the preprocessed data rather than the raw data for generating a fewer number of candidate sequences to thereby reduce a time cost in sequencing. The first candidate-sequence set is then processed to estimate the peptide sequence to thereby obtain a set of peptide-sequence estimate(s). Each estimate is verified whether it is invalid. The set of peptide-sequence estimate(s) is purged to remove any invalid estimate.

Abstract: Methods and systems for storing digital data into peptide sequences and retrieving digital data from peptide sequences are disclosed. The method for storing digital data into peptide sequences may include: encoding the digital data into a digital code; translating the digital code into the peptide sequences; and synthesizing the translated peptide sequences. The method for retrieving digital data from peptide sequences may include: sequencing and determining an order of the peptide sequences; converting the peptide sequences with the determined order into a digital code; and decoding the digital data from the digital code. Codes with error-correction capability are developed for encoding digital data into peptide sequences, and a computational method implemented in a software is developed for sequencing the digital data bearing peptides.

Abstract: Methods and systems for storing digital data into peptide sequences and retrieving digital data from peptide sequences are disclosed. The method for storing digital data into peptide sequences may include: encoding the digital data into a digital code; translating the digital code into the peptide sequences; and synthesizing the translated peptide sequences. The method for retrieving digital data from peptide sequences may include: sequencing and determining an order of the peptide sequences; converting the peptide sequences with the determined order into a digital code; and decoding the digital data from the digital code. Codes with error-correction capability are developed for encoding digital data into peptide sequences, and a computational method implemented in a software is developed for sequencing the digital data bearing peptides.

Abstract: This invention provides a cyclically-coupled (CC-) quasi-cyclic (QC-) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code and its decoder architecture. The essence of the invention is to introduce the convolutional nature to a plurality of individual block codes internally so as to form a resultant block code with a prolonged code length while slightly increasing the hardware complexity in decoder realization. The CC-QC-LDPC code is formed by cyclically coupling a plurality of sub-codes each being a QC-LDPC code such that overlapping of some variable nodes between two consecutive sub-codes results. The decoder comprises plural sub-decoders each configured to decode the channel messages for one sub-code. The sub-decoders are arranged in a ring shape such that an individual sub-decoder is configured to communicate edge messages with two neighboring sub-decoders adjacent to said individual sub-decoder in the decoding of the channel messages.

Abstract: This invention provides a cyclically-coupled (CC-) quasi-cyclic (QC-) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code and its decoder architecture. The essence of the invention is to introduce the convolutional nature to a plurality of individual block codes internally so as to form a resultant block code with a prolonged code length while slightly increasing the hardware complexity in decoder realization. The CC-QC-LDPC code is formed by cyclically coupling a plurality of sub-codes each being a QC-LDPC code such that overlapping of some variable nodes between two consecutive sub-codes results. The decoder comprises plural sub-decoders each configured to decode the channel messages for one sub-code. The sub-decoders are arranged in a ring shape such that an individual sub-decoder is configured to communicate edge messages with two neighboring sub-decoders adjacent to said individual sub-decoder in the decoding of the channel messages.

Abstract: A head-mountable EEG electrode-containing device is provided based on radially adjustable electrodes to fit the wearer's unique head size and shape. The head-mountable device with an electrode array positioned therein includes multiple head-mountable device sections that are interconnected by mechanical fasteners to facilitate sizing and positioning of the head-mountable device. An array of resilient sleeves is positioned within each head-mountable device section. Each resilient sleeve houses an individual electrode and is deformable for self-orienting. The deformation of the sleeve is such that a central axis passing through the individual electrode housed within the resilient sleeve is maintained in a position approximately normal to a plane tangential to a scalp portion positioned beneath that electrode.

Abstract: A head-mountable EEG electrode-containing device is provided based on radially adjustable electrodes to fit the wearer's unique head size and shape. The head-mountable device with an electrode array positioned therein includes multiple head-mountable device sections that are interconnected by mechanical fasteners to facilitate sizing and positioning of the head-mountable device. An array of resilient sleeves is positioned within each head-mountable device section. Each resilient sleeve houses an individual electrode and is deformable for self-orienting. The deformation of the sleeve is such that a central axis passing through the individual electrode housed within the resilient sleeve is maintained in a position approximately normal to a plane tangential to a scalp portion positioned beneath that electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates a system and method to allow users to train different joints of a limb in different planes. The rotation of the system can be driven by a motor to assist or resist the motion for training purpose. By the present invention, the user can use the device to switch training between the vertical and horizontal planes, without changing the device and any module. The system is also adjustable to meet different users' body sizes.

Abstract: A Low-Density Parity-Check Convolutional Code (LPDCCC) decoder (10) for partial parallel decoding of low-density parity-check convolutional codes, the decoder comprising: a plurality of pipeline processors (11) to receive channel messages and edge-messages; each processor (11) having: a plurality of block processing units (BPUs) (13), each BPU (13) having a plurality of check node processors (CNPs) (14) to process check nodes that enter into the processor (11) and a plurality of variable node processors (VNPs) (15) to process variable nodes that are about to leave the processor (11); and a plurality of Random Access Memory (RAM) blocks (30) for dynamic message storage of the channel messages and the edge-messages; wherein in each processor (11), the VNPs (15) are directly connected to corresponding RAM blocks (30), and the CNPs (14) are directly connected to corresponding RAM blocks (30) such that the connections from the VNPs (15) and CNPs (14) to the corresponding RAM blocks (30) are pre-defined and fixed a

Abstract: An approximated lower-triangle structure for the parity-check matrix of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes which allows linear-time-encoding complexity of the codes is disclosed, and the parity part of the parity-check matrix is semi-deterministic which allows high flexibility when designing the LDPC codes in order to provide higher error-correction capabilities than a typical dual-diagonal structure.

Abstract: A method for encoding data, the method comprising: creating m parity bits from k data bits based on a parity-check matrix (40), the parity-check matrix (40) including a data portion (41) and a parity portion (42), the parity portion (42) includes sub-block matrices, each sub-block matrix being any one from the group consisting of: zero matrix, identity matrix and permutation matrix; and forming a codeword containing the k data bits and the created m parity bits; wherein an upper diagonal is defined in the parity portion (42) starting from the first sub-block matrix in the second column extending to the second last sub-block matrix in the last column, and each sub-block matrix on the upper diagonal is an identity matrix or a permutation matrix, and the sub-block matrices (44) above the upper diagonal are zero matrices; each column from the second column to the third last column of the parity portion (42) contains one or more identity matrices or permutation matrices below the upper diagonal (45) and the remain

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices and methods for a joint linkage device suitable for training multi-joints in a single limb. The joint linkage device is capable of rotation at a proximal end and a distal end. The device includes a proximal end having an upper plate, a middle plate, and a lower plate, a distal plate, a side bar, a main bar, a switch mechanism, and an extended bar. In use, a torque from a motor is applied to the upper plate to provide a user with an assistance torque, a resistance torque, or a assistance/resistance torque.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices and methods for a joint linkage device suitable for training multi-joints in a single limb. The joint linkage device is capable of rotation at a proximal end and a distal end. The device includes a proximal end having an upper plate, a middle plate, and a lower plate, a distal plate, a side bar, a main bar, a switch mechanism, and an extended bar. In use, a torque from a motor is applied to the upper plate to provide a user with an assistance torque, a resistance torque, or a assistance/resistance torque.

Abstract: The present invention relates a system and method to allow users to train different joints of a limb in different planes. The rotation of the system can be driven by a motor to assist or resist the motion for training purpose. By the present invention, the user can use the device to switch training between the vertical and horizontal planes, without changing the device and any module. The system is also adjustable to meet different users' body sizes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a single-exposure synthesized image on film is provided where an instantaneous image is combined with an image from a prepared picture on film. The preparation picture is reflected by a reflective mirror, and then is refracted by the objective lens of the camera to form a prepared image. The reflective mirror has a central hole that is located in front of the objective lens. The prepared picture also has a central hole, or a central transparent portion, and is located in a space between the objective lens and the reflective mirror, so that the reflecting surface of the reflective mirror faces the picture and the objective lens. Light rays from the prepared picture are reflected by the reflective mirror, pass through the central hole or the central transparent portion of the picture and through the objective lens to image the prepared picture image on the circumferential portion of the film.