Abstract: The plasma rail device of the invention is a novel method and device to generate plasma right at the surface or slight above the surface for surface treatment, specifically for surface sanitization. The device generally comprises pairs of electrodes held together by a frame. The device features a fame that holds and positions the electrodes in a close proximity towards the surface under treatment. Discharges are created in the space bounded by the electrodes to generate plasma on the surface and above the surface for treatment so that the device can be positioned outside the object under treatment.

Abstract: Systems and methods render video content on different user-computing platform types. The method comprises: transmitting a script to the user-computing platform, the script comprising a non-compiled series of instructions which is configured to be interpreted by an application program operating on any one of the plurality of user-computing platform types; and using the application program to interpret the transmitted script by performing the series of instructions to thereby decode encoded video data accessible to the user-computing platform into decoded video data comprising one or more frame images without use of a previously compiled program module that is installed prior to the interpreting and without compiling the series of instructions prior to the interpreting.

Abstract: The Diffusive Plasma is for effective treatment of contaminated air and material processing. Air is purified and disinfected by passing through the diffusive plasma device which includes a reactor or a plurality of reactors arranged in parallel or series and is energized by a high voltage alternating current power supply. The diffuser, being electrically isolated, provides extra nucleation sites to initiate discharges. It serves to improve the generation of uniform and consistent plasma and to reduce the variation of discharge properties among the reactors. The addition of a diffuser, thereby, enhances the overall effectiveness of decomposing chemicals and destroying microbes to achieve high air treatment and material processing performance. The diffuser can be made of suitable filtering materials to additionally serve as a filter.

Abstract: Methods are provided for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain. The methods involve: dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; for each group, assigning a nominal bit value according to a bit assignment rule, assigning a watermark bit value and comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value. If the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group where re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group.

Abstract: Systems and methods render video content on different user-computing platform types. The method comprises: transmitting a script to the user-computing platform, the script comprising a non-compiled series of instructions which is configured to be interpreted by an application program operating on any one of the plurality of user-computing platform types; and using the application program to interpret the transmitted script by performing the series of instructions to thereby decode encoded video data accessible to the user-computing platform into decoded video data comprising one or more frame images without use of a previously compiled program module that is installed prior to the interpreting and without compiling the series of instructions prior to the interpreting.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a user-computing platform that is one type of a plurality of different user-computing platform types. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program compiled to operate on any one of the plurality of user-computing platform types. The script is configured to cause the script to be interpreted by the application program operating on the user-computing platform to: decode encoded video data received by the user-computing platform into decoded video data comprising a plurality of frame images; and render the decoded video data by displaying the frame images. Rendering the video data by displaying the frame images comprises alpha-blending at least one pair of frame images together.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a plurality of different user-computing platform types. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program to: decode a first type of encoded video data into first decoded video data; render the first decoded video data; determine a rate at which the first type of encoded video data is being received; and, in dependence on the determined rate, to perform at least one of: transmitting a request to receive a second type of encoded video data; modifying a characteristic of the decoding of the first type of encoded video data; and modifying a characteristic of the rendering of the first decoded video data.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a user-computing platform. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program compiled to operate on any one of a plurality of user-computing platform types. A series of frame images is encoded to provide encoded video data. Encoding frame images comprises encoding the frame images into a content-transfer format whereby the content-transfer encoded frame images can be passed by a script interpreter interpreting the script to the application program. The encoded video data is transmitted to the user-computing platform. The script is further configured to cause the script to be interpreted by the application program to: decode the transmitted encoded video data into decoded video data comprising the content-transfer encoded frame images; and render the decoded video data by displaying the frame images.

Abstract: An apparatus for air purification and disinfection is provided. The apparatus includes at least one elongated reactor having an elongated inner electrode and an elongated outer electrode. The outer electrode encompasses at least a portion of the inner electrode along a longitudinal axis of the reactor. The outer and inner electrodes are positioned in a substantially concentric relationship and define a reaction chamber therebetween. The apparatus also includes an inner electrode mounting member holding the inner electrode at an end of the inner electrode and an outer electrode mounting member holding the outer electrode at an end of the outer electrode. The apparatus further includes a power supply adapted to supplying electrical power to the inner and outer electrodes to generate plasma within the reaction chamber to purify and disinfect air flowing therethrough.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a user-computing platform that is one type of a plurality of different user-computing platform types. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program compiled to operate on any one of the plurality of user-computing platform types. A series of frame images is encoded to provide the encoded video data. Encoding the frame images comprises encoding the frame images into a content-transfer format whereby the content-transfer encoded frame images can be passed by a script interpreter interpreting the script to the application program. The encoded video data is transmitted to the user-computing platform.

Abstract: Methods are provided for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain. The methods involve: dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; for each group, assigning a nominal bit value according to a bit assignment rule, assigning a watermark bit value and comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value. If the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group where re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a user-computing platform that is one type of a plurality of different user-computing platform types. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program compiled to operate on any one of the plurality of user-computing platform types. A series of frame images is encoded to provide the encoded video data. Encoding the frame images comprises encoding the frame images into a content-transfer format whereby the content-transfer encoded frame images can be passed by a script interpreter interpreting the script to the application program. The encoded video data is transmitted to the user-computing platform.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a user-computing platform that is one type of a plurality of different user-computing platform types. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program compiled to operate on any one of the plurality of user-computing platform types. The script is configured to cause the script to be interpreted by the application program to simulate a multi-threaded execution environment by: iteratively scheduling and performing a first simulated thread which involves decoding encoded video data received by the user-computing platform into decoded video data comprising one or more frame images; and iteratively scheduling and performing a second simulated thread which involves rendering the decoded video data by displaying the one or more frame images.

Abstract: Methods are provided for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain. The methods involves: dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; for each group, assigning a nominal bit value according to a bit assignment rule, assigning a watermark bit value and comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value. If the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group where re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a user-computing platform that is one type of a plurality of different user-computing platform types. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program compiled to operate on any one of the plurality of user-computing platform types. Transmitting the script causes the script to be interpreted by the application program operating on the user-computing platform to cause the interpreted script to directly decode encoded video data transmitted or otherwise accessible to the user-computing platform into decoded video data and to further cause the rendering of the decoded video data.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a user-computing platform that is one type of a plurality of different user-computing platform types. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program compiled to operate on any one of the plurality of user-computing platform types. The script is configured to cause the script to be interpreted by the application program operating on the user-computing platform to: render the video data by displaying frame images which make up the video data; playback the associated audio data; ascertain an audio playback time reference associated with the playback of the associated audio data; and directly synchronize the displaying of the frame images with the playback of the associated audio data based on the audio playback time reference.

Abstract: An apparatus for air purification and disinfection is provided. The apparatus includes at least one elongated reactor having an elongated inner electrode and an elongated outer electrode. The outer electrode encompasses at least a portion of the inner electrode along a longitudinal axis of the reactor. The outer and inner electrodes are positioned in a substantially concentric relationship and define a reaction chamber therebetween. The apparatus also includes an inner electrode mounting member holding the inner electrode at an end of the inner electrode and an outer electrode mounting member holding the outer electrode at an end of the outer electrode. The apparatus further includes a power supply adapted to supplying electrical power to the inner and outer electrodes to generate plasma within the reaction chamber to purify and disinfect air flowing therethrough.

Abstract: Methods are provided for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain. The methods involves: dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; for each group, assigning a nominal bit value according to a bit assignment rule, assigning a watermark bit value and comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value. If the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group where re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a plurality of different user-computing platform types. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program to: decode a first type of encoded video data into first decoded video data; render the first decoded video data; determine a rate at which the first type of encoded video data is being received; and, in dependence on the determined rate, to perform at least one of: transmitting a request to receive a second type of encoded video data; modifying a characteristic of the decoding of the first type of encoded video data; and modifying a characteristic of the rendering of the first decoded video data.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for cross-platform rendering of video content on a user-computing platform. A script is transmitted to the user-computing platform and is interpreted by an application program compiled to operate on any one of a plurality of user-computing platform types. A series of frame images is encoded to provide encoded video data. Encoding frame images comprises encoding the frame images into a content-transfer format whereby the content-transfer encoded frame images can be passed by a script interpreter interpreting the script to the application program. The encoded video data is transmitted to the user-computing platform. The script is further configured to cause the script to be interpreted by the application program to: decode the transmitted encoded video data into decoded video data comprising the content-transfer encoded frame images; and render the decoded video data by displaying the frame images.