Abstract: A method of treating a sorbent having a species sorbed thereto includes simultaneously providing first and second fluids to the sorbent to heat the sorbent and desorb the sorbed species from the sorbent. The first fluid is different from the second fluid. The first fluid includes steam. The second fluid is separable from the first fluid and the desorbed species.

Abstract: Flow cell batteries and methods of producing an electric current are provided. In some implementations, a flow cell battery includes an electrochemical cell including an ion exchange membrane, an anode current collector, and a cathode current collector. The space between the ion exchange membrane and the anode current collector forms a first channel and the space between the ion exchange membrane and the cathode current collector forms a second channel. The ion exchange membrane is configured to allow ions to pass between the first and second channel. The battery includes a first tank configured to flow an anolyte through the first channel, wherein the anolyte is hydrogen gas. The battery includes a second tank configured to flow a catholyte through the second channel, wherein the catholyte is a compound that can be reversibly hydrogenated and dehydrogenated. The flow cell battery can be used to generate electric current.

Abstract: Systems and methods to upgrade a feedstock include a metal/oxygen electrochemical cell having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte in which the cell is configured to produce superoxide. The superoxide can react or complex with a feedstock to upgrade the feedstock.

Abstract: A systems and a method for isomerizing a feedstock to form an alpha-olefin product stream are provided. An exemplary method includes calcining the red mud, flowing an olefin feedstock over the red mud in an isomerization reactor, and separating the alpha-olefin from a reactor effluent.

Abstract: A system and method with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), including feeding carbon dioxide and an olefin to the SOEC and discharging carbon monoxide and an olefin oxide from the SOEC, wherein the olefin oxide corresponds to the olefin.

Abstract: A systems and a method for isomerizing a feedstock to form an alpha-olefin product stream are provided. An exemplary method includes calcining the red mud, flowing an olefin feedstock over the red mud in an isomerization reactor, and separating the alpha-olefin from a reactor effluent.

Abstract: A system and method with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), including feeding carbon dioxide and an olefin to the SOEC and discharging carbon monoxide and an olefin oxide from the SOEC, wherein the olefin oxide corresponds to the olefin.

Abstract: A system and method with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), including feeding carbon dioxide and an olefin to the SOEC and discharging carbon monoxide and an olefin oxide from the SOEC, wherein the olefin oxide corresponds to the olefin.

Abstract: A system and method with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), including feeding carbon dioxide and an olefin to the SOEC and discharging carbon monoxide and an olefin oxide from the SOEC, wherein the olefin oxide corresponds to the olefin.

Abstract: Systems and methods to upgrade a feedstock include a metal/oxygen electrochemical cell having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte in which the cell is configured to produce superoxide. The superoxide can react or complex with a feedstock to upgrade the feedstock.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the oxy-combustion of fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) used to power a vehicle includes one or more air separation devices that separate oxygen from the atmospheric air to mix with the fuel and return the nitrogen to the atmosphere and converts the free energy available in the form of waste heat from the engine exhaust gas stream and coolant system on board the vehicle into electrical and/or mechanical energy, which energy is used to separate oxygen from air to eliminate or significantly reduce the volume of nitrogen entering the ICE's combustion chamber, and thereby reduce NOx pollutants released into the atmosphere and increase the concentration of CO2 in the engine exhaust stream for capture using an integrated system to compress and increase the density of the captured CO2 for temporary on-board storage until it is discharged at a recovery station, e.g., during vehicle refueling.

Abstract: A non-aqueous Na-oxygen battery utilizes a gas mixture of CO2 and O2 as fuel. The battery exhibits a comparatively high specific energy of 6500-7000 Whkg?1 over a range of CO2 feed compositions. The energy density achieved is higher, by 200% to 300%, than obtained with pure oxygen feed. Ex-situ FTIR and XRD analysis confirm Na2O2, Na2C2O4 and Na2CO3 as discharge products. The Na—O2/CO2 battery provides a promising approach for CO2 capture and conversion into electrical energy. The Na—O2/CO2 battery may be extended to other metals. In addition, operation of a metal battery fueled at least in-part by carbon dioxide within an optimal temperature range is considered.

Abstract: A process for reducing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere with the exhaust gas stream produced by the combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) used to power a vehicle by capturing at least a portion of the CO2 in a liquid sorbent on board the vehicle, recovering the CO2 from the sorbent and compressing the CO2 for temporary storage on board the vehicle, where the process is operated as a semi-closed system in which the liquid sorbent that captures the CO2 serves as a working fluid and retains the CO2 during the power generation cycle to produce mechanical energy or work, after which the CO2 is desorbed for densification and recovery as an essentially pure gas stream and the working fluid is recycled for use in the process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the oxy-combustion of fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) used to power a vehicle includes one or more air separation devices that separate oxygen from the atmospheric air to mix with the fuel and return the nitrogen to the atmosphere and converts the free energy available in the form of waste heat from the engine exhaust gas stream and coolant system on board the vehicle into electrical and/or mechanical energy, which energy is used to separate oxygen from air to eliminate or significantly reduce the volume of nitrogen entering the ICE's combustion chamber, and thereby reduce NOx pollutants released into the atmosphere and increase the concentration of CO2 in the engine exhaust stream for capture using an integrated system to compress and increase the density of the captured CO2 for temporary on-board storage until it is discharged at a recovery station, e.g., during vehicle refueling.

Abstract: A method and system for on-board treatment of an exhaust stream containing CO2 emitted by an internal combustion engine in order to reduce the amount of CO2 discharged into the atmosphere which include: a. a treatment zone, preferably operating in swing mode with at least two subsystems, on board the vehicle containing a capture agent having a predetermined capacity for extracting CO2 from the exhaust stream, each subsystem having a heat exchanger with an inlet for admitting the hot exhaust gas stream for passage in heat relation with the capture agent to release CO2 and regenerate the capture agent, an outlet for passage of a treated, cooled exhaust stream having a reduced CO2 content, and an outlet for CO2 released from the regenerated capture agent; b. a compression zone for reducing the volume of the CO2; and c. a storage zone for the temporary storage of compressed CO2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixed salt composition which is useful as a CO2 sorbent. The mixed salt composition comprises a Mg salt, and at least one Group IA element salt, where the Mg and Group IA element are present at a molar ratio of from 3:1 to 8:1. The resulting composition can adsorb about 20% or more of CO2 in a gas. Via varying the molar ratios of the components, and the Group IA element, one can develop compositions which show optional functionality at different conditions. The composition is especially useful in the adsorptive capture of CO2 on mobile sources, such as transportation vehicles, where it can be recovered during regeneration of the adsorbent composition and the CO2 used as a coolant gas, as a reactant in manufacture of fuel, and so forth.

Abstract: A process for reducing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere with the exhaust gas stream produced by the combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) used to power a vehicle by capturing at least a portion of the CO2 in a liquid sorbent on board the vehicle, recovering the CO2 from the sorbent and compressing the CO2 for temporary storage on board the vehicle, where the process is operated as a semi-closed system in which the liquid sorbent that captures the CO2 serves as a working fluid and retains the CO2 during the power generation cycle to produce mechanical energy or work, after which the CO2 is desorbed for densification and recovery as an essentially pure gas stream and the working fluid is recycled for use in the process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the oxy-combustion of fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) used to power a vehicle converts the free energy available onboard the vehicle in the form of waste heat from the engine exhaust gas stream and coolant system into electrical and/or mechanical energy which energy is used to separate oxygen from air to eliminate or significantly reduce the volume of nitrogen entering the ICE's combustion chamber, and thereby reduce NOx pollutants released into the atmosphere and increase the concentration of CO2 in the engine exhaust stream for capture using an integrated system to compress and increase the density of the captured CO2 for temporary on-board storage until it is discharged at a recovery station, e.g., during vehicle refueling.

Abstract: A non-aqueous Na-oxygen battery utilizes a gas mixture of CO2 and O2 as fuel. The battery exhibits a comparatively high specific energy of 6500-7000 Whkg?1 over a range of CO2 feed compositions. The energy density achieved is higher, by 200% to 300%, than obtained with pure oxygen feed. Ex-situ FTIR and XRD analysis confirm Na2O2, Na2C2O4 and Na2CO3 as discharge products. The Na—O2/CO2 battery provides a promising approach for CO2 capture and conversion into electrical energy. The Na—O2/CO2 battery may be extended to other metals. In addition, operation of a metal battery fueled at least in-part by carbon dioxide within an optimal temperature range is considered.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for separating CO2 from mixed gases. A stream of mixed gases passes one side of a facilitated transport membrane, while a sweep fluid, such as steam, passes the other side of the membrane, removing the CO2. The method is especially useful in the removal of CO2 from gases produced by internal combustion engines on mobile devices.