Abstract: Described are an automated system, an apparatus, and a method adapted to tracking and dynamically measuring locations in a volume for determining a size and a position of a body during a performance of a repetitive motion, such as in using sporting equipment. The sporting equipment may be a bicycle, and the body may be a cyclist. The apparatus comprises a plurality of markers attached to the body, a three-dimensional marker tracking system, and a processing unit. The apparatus, system, or method computes a dimensional statistic from computed measurements of all strokes of at least two strokes included in a period of time of the repetitive motion.

Abstract: The shape and orientation of rigid or nearly rigid moveable bodies are determined using a shape characterization. Sensors capture a plurality of representations of different perspectives of the body that are analyzed to determine a bounding volume of the body. The shape of the body is determined from the bounding volume. The position of the body is determined using tracking devices that sense the position of the body. The bounding volume and position information are combined to define the shape and orientation in space of the body, and in particular the position of a point of interest on the body.

Abstract: A method and system for discriminating tissues in a subject, particularly for identifying nerve tissue, includes a processor, a waveform generator, a waveform electrode and a return electrode and an electrical property measuring device such as a volt meter. The electrodes are applied to the skin of the subject and an electrical waveform applied to the tissue via the electrodes. A series of electrical property measurements between the electrodes yield digital data that is used to determine coefficients of an approximating mathematical function, which is then used to derived electrical properties of the tissue. Derived electrical properties are then displayed on a display device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for discriminating and locating tissues within a body involve applying a waveform signal to tissue between two electrodes and measuring the electrical characteristics of the signal transmitted through the tissue. At least one of the electrodes is constrained in area so that localized electrical characteristics of the tissue are measured. Such localized electrical characteristics are determined over a portion of a body of the subject by using an array of electrodes or electrodes that can be moved over the body. A controller may implement the process and perform calculations on the measured data to identify tissue types and locations within the measured area, and to present results in graphical form. Results may be combined with other tissue imaging technologies and with image-guided systems.

Abstract: The method of this invention, and the apparatus which implements it, provides a way of sampling points on the surface of a portion of a rigid or semi-rigid object, which might be an anatomical body. Points are sampled by a moveable contact probe which emits a sonic waveform under the direction of a control unit. Multiple fixed sonic transducers in contact with the object at diverse locations detect the waveform, the arrival of which is timed for each transducer by the control unit. Given the speed of sound in the object and the coordinates of the transducers, a digital computer can compute the location of the probe. Two ways are presented to calibrate the locations of the transducers. Provision is made for mitigating possible distortion of soft object surfaces due to the contact force of the probe. During the sampling of probe contact locations, at least one physical or physiological attribute is also acquired.

Abstract: The method of this invention, and any apparatus which implements it, improves the accuracy of determining the sub-pixel location of the image of a point-like radiator of energy (typically light). This method distributes the image of a point radiator of energy over detector pixels such that the number of image pixels with high intensity gradients is maximized, while it minimizes the energy wasted on pixels with low intensity gradients, which contribute little to the computation of the sub-pixel location of the image. By improving such accuracy in each of one or more cameras, the accuracy of deriving the spatial location of the energy radiator improves also.