Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (24) for a vehicle electrical system of an electrically driven motor vehicle (42), comprising: a high-voltage battery (26) for supplying power to an electrical drive machine (28) of the motor vehicle (42); a range extender (22), which is designed to charge the high-voltage battery (26) and which has a plurality of identical fuel-cell base modules (10) having interfaces for supplying reactants in the form of hydrogen and air; a switching device (32) for connecting the range extender (22), the circuit arrangement (42) having no DC-to-DC converter; a control device (36) which is designed to carry out the following steps after the control device has received an activation signal regarding the range extender (22): determining an operating point of the range extender (22) in dependence on at least one variable of the high-voltage battery (26); defining a setpoint value regarding the supply of the reactants to the fuel-cell base modules (10) and/or a setpoint value rega

Abstract: The invention relates to a modular range extender system (20) for an electrically driven motor vehicle (52), comprising a plurality of fuel cell basic modules (10), which each have a plurality of fuel cells connected in series and interfaces for supplying hydrogen and air as well as for discharging water and residual gas; a media supply device, which is designed to supply air and hydrogen to the fuel cell basic modules (10) via the interfaces and to discharge water and residual gas from the fuel cell basic modules (10) via the interfaces, wherein, in order to provide different outputs and/or voltages, different numbers of the fuel cell basic modules (10) are electrically connectable to one another in different series and/or parallel circuits and are configurable with the media supply device to form different variants of the range extender (22).

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (24) for a vehicle electrical system of an electrically driven motor vehicle (42), comprising: a high-voltage battery (26) for supplying power to an electrical drive machine (28) of the motor vehicle (42); a range extender (22), which is designed to charge the high-voltage battery (26) and which has a plurality of identical fuel-cell base modules (10) having interfaces for supplying reactants in the form of hydrogen and air; a switching device (32) for connecting the range extender (22), the circuit arrangement (42) having no DC-to-DC converter; a control device (36) which is designed to carry out the following steps after the control device has received an activation signal regarding the range extender (22): determining an operating point of the range extender (22) in dependence on at least one variable of the high-voltage battery (26); defining a setpoint value regarding the supply of the reactants to the fuel-cell base modules (10) and/or a setpoint value rega

Abstract: A method is provided for detecting autoignition in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, wherein values for the combustion chamber pressure are measured during a compression stroke of the internal combustion engine at defined crankshaft angles within an evaluation window, a filtered pressure value is determined from the measured values for the combustion chamber pressure, and theoretical pressure values in the combustion chamber that would arise if no combustion took place in the combustion chamber are determined for the defined crankshaft angles. The value of the slope between two defined crankshaft angles for filtered pressure values is determined, the value of the slope between two defined crankshaft angles for theoretical pressure values is determined, and a difference of the slope values is calculated therefrom. This difference is compared with a specified threshold value, and, if the threshold value is exceeded, an autoignition in the combustion chamber is inferred.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for detecting an auto-ignition in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder, wherein values for the combustion chamber pressure are measured during a compression stroke of the internal combustion engine at defined crankshaft angles within an evaluation window, a filtered pressure value is determined from the measured values for the combustion chamber pressure, theoretical pressure values in the combustion chamber that would arise if no combustion took place in the combustion chamber are determined for the defined crankshaft angles, the value of the pressure difference between the filtered pressure value and the theoretical pressure values is calculated, the value of the pressure difference is compared with a specified threshold value, and, if the threshold value is exceeded, an auto-ignition in the combustion chamber is inferred.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for detecting an auto-ignition in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder, wherein values for the combustion chamber pressure are measured during a compression stroke of the internal combustion engine at defined crankshaft angles within an evaluation window, a filtered pressure value is determined from the measured values for the combustion chamber pressure, theoretical pressure values in the combustion chamber that would arise if no combustion took place in the combustion chamber are determined for the defined crankshaft angles, the value of the pressure difference between the filtered pressure value and the theoretical pressure values is calculated, the value of the pressure difference is compared with a specified threshold value, and, if the threshold value is exceeded, an auto-ignition in the combustion chamber is inferred.

Abstract: Method for the abstraction of pure serum albumin from blood which includes the steps of separating the blood plasma from the solid constituents of the blood and isolating the dissolved non-albumin constituents from plasma, adding an albumin-stabilizer and treating such fluid with a lower aliphatic alcohol, whereby, the treatment is carried out at a volume concentration of alcohol of 7 to 14% in the presence of 0.001 to 0.1 moles of the stabilizer, at a temperature of from 60.degree. to 75.degree. C. and pH of from 4.5 to 7.5; the concomitant proteins, partly or largely denatured, are precipitated; the resultant solution containing pure serum albumin is separated from the precipitate at a temperature of from 1.degree. to 30.degree. C., preferably at room temperature.

Abstract: A process for providing gamma globulin with improved intravenous compatibility. In the process, gamma globulin precipitated from blood or blood products is dissolved in an aqueous solution containing a hydrocolloid. The hydrocolloid is capable of forming a lyophilic sol. Gamma globulin is then precipitated from the solution to provide gamma globulin having improved intravenous compatibility.