Abstract: A system may include a first injection electrode, a second injection electrode, a first sensing coil, and a second sensing coil. The first injection electrode and the second electrode may each be configured to contact a material and conduct an alternating current through a portion of the material. The first sensing coil and a second sensing coil may each be configured to inductively sense a Hall current created by the alternating current and a magnetic field perpendicular to the alternating current. The first sensing coil and the second sensing coil may be coupled in series.

Abstract: A system may include a first injection electrode, a second injection electrode, a first sensing coil, and a second sensing coil. The first injection electrode and the second electrode may each be configured to contact a material and conduct an alternating current through a portion of the material. The first sensing coil and a second sensing coil may each be configured to inductively sense a Hall current created by the alternating current and a magnetic field perpendicular to the alternating current. The first sensing coil and the second sensing coil may be coupled in series.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed for removing contaminants from a surface of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) and, optionally, estimating the remaining lifetime of the TBC. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is one method that may be used to remove contaminants from a surface the TBC prior to performing photo luminescence piezo spectroscopy (PLPS) or another spectroscopic technique on a thermally grown oxide (TGO). LIBS may facilitate monitoring substantially in real-time the chemical composition of the material removed. LIBS may be used to remove substantially only the contaminants with minimal effects on the underlying TBC. One technique for determining when to stop removal of material from the TBC is cross-correlation between a spectrum collected from the ablated material and a reference spectrum collected from a reference substrate. In some embodiments, the same system may be used to perform LIBS to remove impurities and PLPS to measure stress in the TGO.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed for removing contaminants from a surface of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) and, optionally, estimating the remaining lifetime of the TBC. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is one method that may be used to remove contaminants from a surface the TBC prior to performing photo luminescence piezo spectroscopy (PLPS) or another spectroscopic technique on a thermally grown oxide (TGO). LIBS may facilitate monitoring substantially in real-time the chemical composition of the material removed. LIBS may be used to remove substantially only the contaminants with minimal effects on the underlying TBC. One technique for determining when to stop removal of material from the TBC is cross-correlation between a spectrum collected from the ablated material and a reference spectrum collected from a reference substrate. In some embodiments, the same system may be used to perform LIBS to remove impurities and PLPS to measure stress in the TGO.

Abstract: An ultrasonic phased array transducer system comprises an ultrasonic phased array transducer having a piezo central element, concentric piezo ring elements enclosing the piezo central element, concentric sectored piezo rings having piezo sector elements enclosing the piezo ring elements; a driver/processor having a plurality of input/output ports, each input/output port in electrical communication with at least one of the piezo central element, the piezo ring elements, or the piezo sector elements; and a plurality of piezo element impedance matching circuits provided in a plurality of electrical channels connecting the driver/processor and the ultrasonic phased array transducer.