Abstract: A transfer pipe system for transferring particulate bed material from a fluid bed reactor includes a discharge pipe connecting the fluid bed reactor with a vertical transfer pipe, gas injection nozzles for fluidizing particulate material within the transfer pipe and a standpipe connecting the transfer pipe and the freeboard region of the fluid bed reactor to vent fluidizing gas from the transfer pipe into the freeboard region and so avoid introducing a high velocity, counter-current gas flow into the discharge pipe.

Abstract: A system for cooling, depressurizing and discharging solids from a pressurized fluid bed reactor which includes a secondary fluid bed surge vessel arranged to dissipate a substantial amount of the pressure in the system and a plug flow discharge conduit leading from the secondary vessel to reduce the pressure at the outlet thereof to essentially ambient pressure.

Abstract: A fluidized bed process heater with a reaction chamber of toroidal configuration is provided with radially-oriented bed coils in the reaction chamber in which steam is generated or other process fluids are heated. The inner wall of the toroidal reaction chamber is water-cooled and the bed coils in the reaction chamber are removable. The return bends of the coils are protected against erosion from particulate bed solids.

Abstract: Porous, moisture-containing materials are dried in a fluidized bed reactor. The moisture content of both the underflow and carryover products from the dryer are controlled by introducing hot gases into the freeboard region above the fluidized bed. One or more tuyeres of extended length with ports at a level above the fluidized bed in the freeboard regin may be employed to admit hot gases directly into the freeboard region from the reactor windbox without traversing the fluidized bed. Alternatively, a valved conduit may be employed extending through the refractory dome or gas distributor to regulate gas flow between the windbox and the freeboard region.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor is provided with vertically oriented heat exchange coils for controlling the temperature of the fluidized bed. Tuyere elements discharge fluidizing gas at a level substantially above the constriction plate. The bed solids below the level of the tuyere ports constitute a static layer during fluidization and the lower return bends of the heat exchange coils are embedded in this layer and so are shielded from erosion by the fluidized solids of the bed proper.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor is provided with heat exchange coils for controllng the temperature of the fluidized bed. The heat exchange coils are vertically oriented and elements thereof pass through the constriction plate of the reactor. Multiple function Tuyere elements are provided which admit air into the reaction chamber from the windbox, provide for passage of elements of the heat exchange coils through the constriction plate, structurally support the heat exchange coils in position and constitute thermal sleeves for accommodating differential thermal expansion of the heat exchange coils and the constriction plate.