Abstract: An interface converting apparatus that converts signals between a Secure Digital (SD) card and a Memory Stick Pro (MS Pro). The apparatus comprises a SD memory card interface, a MS Pro memory card interface, an address decoder and a micro controller. The micro controller is able to convert a memory address from the MS Pro memory card interface into a memory address needed by the SD memory card interface and vice versa, and the address decoder can then be used to access the data via the SD memory card interface or the MS Pro memory card interface.

Abstract: A memory card with the function of video or audio data processing includes a card controller and a memory for storing encoded video/audio data. The card controller includes a card microprocessor, a buffer and a video/audio data processor. The card microprocessor controls internal and external data access. The buffer is for temporarily storing data during data processing. The video/audio data processor is adapted for coding raw data from an external host system or decoding coded data stored in the memory.

Abstract: An interface converting apparatus that converts signals between a Secure Digital (SD) card and a Memory Stick Pro (MS Pro). The apparatus comprises a SD memory card interface, a MS Pro memory card interface, an address decoder and a micro controller. The micro controller is able to convert a memory address from the MS Pro memory card interface into a memory address needed by the SD memory card interface and vice versa, and the address decoder can then be used to access the data via the SD memory card interface or the MS Pro memory card interface.

Abstract: A memory system with two voltage sources comprises a controlling chip which includes a built-in DC/DC converter for transforming low voltage to high voltage, used for transforming 1.8/3.3 voltage to 3.3 voltage. This does not only prevent the phenomenon of voltage drifting but improves the stability of the system.

Abstract: An apparatus for a compact disk with an independent audio functionality is disclosed. The apparatus includes a logic core, an IDE controller, and a pass-through module, which are coupled to a micro-controller core. The logic core receives and sends signals to and from a system interface in response to the micro-controller core. The logic core disables sending signals to the system interface in response to the micro-controller core. The IDE controller core receives and sends signals to and from a CD drive interface in response to the micro-controller core. The IDE controller core also disables sending signals to the CD drive interface in response to the micro-controller core. The pass-through module is coupled to the system interface and to the CD drive interface. The pass-through module passes signals between the system interface and the CD drive interface when the computer is in power on mode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a display controller connected to a host computer and driving a plurality of displays, the displays being refreshed independently for optimizing the viewing quality of each display. The invention further provides a power controller for reducing power consumption when the display memory is not being updated by the host computer.