Abstract: A sampling probe by means of which a sample of fluid free of particles or substantially reduced in particle content can be removed from a particulate matter-containing fluid stream which is flowing in a conduit. This is accomplished by means of probe geometry. Openings for entry of the sample into the probe face downstream. In one embodiment, the cross-section of a probe at the fluid entry area is V-shaped.

Abstract: At least two gasoline streams, having dissimilar octane ratings, are admixed with a butane-rich stream, the latter for vapor pressure control. A control system is employed to regulate the quantity of a lead-containing compound and/or the relative quantities of the blend components to achieve both the target octane of the final motor fuel blend as well as the desired vapor pressure, or volatility.

Abstract: A system for controlling the hydrogen/hydrocarbon mole ratio in a continuous hydrocarbon conversion process wherein the hydrocarbonaceous feed stock is catalytically reacted in a hydrogen atmosphere. Applicable to both hydrogen-consuming and hydrogen-producing processes, in which the reaction zone effluent is separated to provide a liquid product phase and a hydrogen-rich vaporous phase, a portion of the latter being recycled to the catalytic reaction zone, the control system affords improved overall operation of the particular process in addition to increased catalyst activity and stability. Analyzers are utilized to monitor composition characteristics of the charge stock and liquid product, and the hydrogen concentration of the vaporous phase recycled to the reaction zone.

Abstract: A system for controlling the hydrogen/hydrocarbon mole ratio in a continuous hydrocarbon conversion process in which hydrogen is consumed in a catalytic reaction zone. Applicable to processes in which the reaction zone effluent is separated to provide a liquid product phase and a hydrogen-rich vaporous phase, a portion of the latter being recycled to the catalytic reaction zone, the control system affords improved overall operation in addition to increased catalyst activity and stability. Analyzers are utilized to monitor composition characteristics of the charge stock and liquid product, and the hydrogen concentration of the vaporous phase introduced into the reaction zone. Representative process output signals are transmitted to comparator/computer means which compares the rate of change of the composition characteristics and the hydrogen concentration, and generates additional, comparator output signals which are utilized within the control system for regulating the hydrogen/hydrocarbon mole ratio.