Abstract: The disclosed process permits the production of special steel press fittings practically in a single work step, which comprises two process steps, which can be performed simultaneously, or also one after the other. The cut to size blank is widened in a die and is upset in order to form the desired pipe connection areas. The process has been shown to be dependable for special steel press fittings. Other pressure-resistant and tough metals can also be employed. The process is particularly suitable in connection with a following roller-burnishing step or grinding step for producing press fittings from welded special steel pipes.

Abstract: A technique for controlling a machining system having a plurality of machining stations for machining workpieces with a plurality of machining operations. Each of the plurality of machining operations is allocated automatically to a specific one of the machining stations to attain uniform utilization of the individual machining stations, to the extent possible. This facilitates the initial setup of the machining system as well as correcting the setup if machining errors or deviations occur.

Abstract: A technique for controlling a machining system having a plurality of machining stations for machining workpieces with a plurality of machining operations. Each of the plurality of machining operations is allocated automatically to a specific one of the machining stations to attain uniform utilization of the individual machining stations, to the extent possible. This facilitates the initial setup of the machining system as well as correcting the setup if machining errors or deviations occur.

Abstract: The invention relates to a machine tool comprising at least one machining unit having at least one work spindle which can be driven. The machine tool also comprises at least one tool magazine arranged in the working area, and has actuating devices for automatically shifting the tools between the tool holding fixture situated on the spindle and the tool holding fixture situated on the tool magazine. The tool holding fixture situated on the spindle is provided with a hydraulic expansion chuck which, with the aid of the spindle, can automatically press against the tool shaft of a tool.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing a photostimulatable image plate (8). The image plate (8) is taken out of a cassette (1, 40), processed and placed back in the same cassette (1, 40), the cassette being conveyed from an input station (20) to an output station (22). The cassette (1, 40) is rotated about a vertical axis during conveyance once the image plate is taken out of the cassette and before said plate is reinserted in the same cassette.

Abstract: A device for contactless measurement of a particle state variable of a flowing medium that contains electrically charged particles is disclosed, in which a sheet-like sensor element is disposed parallel to the particle flight direction, or at least two sensor elements, such as electrodes, are disposed in succession in the flow direction. At these electrodes, by means of the electrically charged particles flying past, charges are influenced, from which voltage signals can be generated with the aid of suitable amplifiers. To determine the particle concentration, the voltage alternation component is evaluated; to determine the particle velocity, the transport time &tgr; is evaluated; and to determine the particle throughput, both the signal height and the chronological displacement of the individual signals from one another are evaluated.

Abstract: A machine tool (1) has at least one but preferably two machining units (13, 14), which are assigned to two workpiece receptacles (8, 9). The machining units (13, 14) are adjustable in three axes (X, Y, Z), and they can each reach both workpiece receptacles (8, 9). The machining units (13, 14) are oriented such that their work spindles (11, 12) are in a preferably right space angle to one another. As a result, they can be moved past one another without colliding. Moreover, they can also work on the same workpiece at the same time. The workpiece receptacles are positionable independently of one another about a preferably but not necessarily common pivot axis (S). The workpieces are also rotatable about an axis (V) perpendicular to the pivot axis. This arrangement enables flexible machining of the workpieces from arbitrary directions in space.

Abstract: A disc assembly for use in, for example, an automatic transmission is disclosed. The disc assembly includes a pair of spaced core members (15-16, 25-26, 36-37, 56-57). A friction facing (17-18, 27-28, 42-43, 62, 77-78) is positioned on the outer side of at least one of said core members. A grooved cooling layer (20, 30, 45, 61) is positioned between the pair of spaced core members and is in fluid communication with a cooling fluid. The disc assembly is used with other disc assemblies and other power elements (12, 48, 65, 83) to form a clutch assembly for the transmission.

Abstract: A method for preparing controlled phase alloys useful for engineering and hydrogen storage applications. This novel method avoids melting the constituents by employing vapor transport, in a hydrogen atmosphere, of an active metal constituent, having a high vapor pressure at temperatures .apprxeq.300 C. and its subsequent condensation on and reaction with the other constituent (substrate) of an alloy thereby forming a controlled phase alloy and preferably a single phase alloy. It is preferred that the substrate material be a metal powder such that diffusion of the active metal constituent, preferably magnesium, and reaction therewith can be completed within a reasonable time and at temperatures .apprxeq.300 C. thereby avoiding undesirable effects such as sintering, local compositional inhomogeneities, segregation, and formation of unwanted second phases such as intermetallic compounds.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and controlling thermal spraying methods for coating the surface of substrates. During the spraying process, a substrate surface temperature is measured as a characteristic variable for the transferred layer mass or layer thickness, and, in the event of deviations from the nominal value, at least one method parameter that is significant for the transferred layer mass or layer thickness is changed. The method permits the creation of layers having a predetermined transferred layer mass or layer thickness and a narrow layer thickness distribution over the coated surface.

Abstract: A camera that projects data onto an X-ray film (2). The film is accommodated in a light-tight cassette (3). The data is imaged onto the film with light projected along a row (A) through an open window (4) in the cassette. The camera is characterized by means (24a, 24b, 25a, 25b, & 29) of releasably securing the cassette relative to the top (1a) of the camera along and/or across the row and by a control unit (27) that actuates the securing means during exposure and acts in conjunction with sensors (15a, 15b, & 15c) which emit signals in accordance with the orientation of the cassette.

Abstract: An X-ray sheet film cassette has an upper cassette part, a lower cassette part adapted to face a radiation source and connected with the upper cassette part so that the cassette can be opened and closed. The lower cassette part has a frame and a plate connected with the frame. The plate includes an intermediate plate portion and two thin outer plate portions surrounding the intermediate plate portion. At least one of the outer plate portions extends outwardly beyond the intermediate plate portion at least at one edge of the plate and projects toward the interior of the X-ray sheet film cassette so as to form a web.

Abstract: The X-ray film cassette has an interior portion and two cassette sections pivotally connected with each other by the frame hinge joint. The two cassette sections have opposing small sides positioned remotely from the frame hinge joint lockable with each other at the opposing small sides. The frame hinge joint is a plastic member having opposing longitudinal sides, each of which is provided with a jaw-like groove. Each cassette section has a complementary projection and is lockable with one of the longitudinal sides by insertion of the complementary projection in the jaw-like groove. Reinforced side pieces (3e, 3f) of the plastic member (3) form the jaw-like grooves, a projecting nose (1b, 2b) is provided on each of the complementary projecting members (1a, 2a), and the plastic member (3) is provided with three recesses (3a, 3b) on a strip which connects the side pieces, which form three suitable bending lines for the frame hinge joint.

Abstract: Apparatus for shifting X-ray films in a magazine wherein films having different sizes form a stack and which as a straight or corner-shaped internal stop for properly oriented films. The apparatus has a frame which is reciprocable toward and away from the magazine and carries two or more pivotable links each of which supports one or more driven wheels movable into frictional engagement at least with the outermost film of the stack to shift the engaged film toward and against the stop. Properly oriented films are withdrawn from the magazine by one or more suction cups which share the movements of the links relative to the magazine. The wheels are rotated by a common prime mover.

Abstract: The X-ray sheet film cassette has a top part hinged to a base part. The bottom of the base part is provided with a frame enclosing a film supporting plate through which the radiation is transmitted. The supporting plate has a laminated structure including two face plates of thermoplastically bonded carbon fibers and a comparatively thicker intermediate plate of a synthetic hard foam rubber sandwiched between the face plates and being glued thereto. The face plates are considerably thinner than the intermediate plate in the laminated supporting plate of the present invention.

Abstract: A flat film cassette comprises a lower part, an upper part provided with an illumination window, and an element for turnably connecting the lower part and the upper part with one another. The lower part has a bottom with a peripheral edge for receiving a film, and having a plurality of edge portions including at least two parallel edge portions. A slider is lowerably supported in each of the edge portions of the edge in a springy manner and extends beyond the edge portion so that during closing of the upper part the slider is moved back into the edge portion.

Abstract: An X-ray cassette for foils provided with a stimulatable phosphorous layer comprises two cassette parts turnable relative to one another between open and closed positions, one of the cassette parts being permeable for X-rays, elements for turnably connecting the cassette parts with one another, and elements for holding a foil on the X-ray permeable cassette part, the holding elements including an X-ray permeable elastic pad arranged on the X-ray permeable cassette part and having a surface facing toward a phosphorous layer of a foil inserted into the cassette, and a thin elastic foil applied on the surface of the pad and having a smooth, wear-resistant outer surface.

Abstract: A device for the removal of sheet-like films from an X-ray film cassette or a film magazine by means of at least one sucker which has a suction lip with a frustoconical inner surface by which a front edge of a film is lifted from the stack. The suction lip has at the inner surface in the proximity of the mouth of the suction conduit a flat projection extended towards the film being lifted but is spaced therefrom.

Abstract: A cassette for an x-ray film coated with a stimulable phosphor layer is formed so that a cassette memory which carries storable, recordable, readable and erasable data is rigidly attached to the cassette at the positioned spaced a predetermined distance from a given cassette corner. This position is the same for all cassettes of the same type and different formats.

Abstract: An X-ray sheet film cassette is assembled of a bottom wall, side walls and a cover hinged to an upper part of one side wall. The lower part of the one side wall adjoining the bottom wall is reduced in thickness to form an abutment for the sheet film. The inner surface of the cover is provided with a resilient pressing pad which during the closing of the cover urges the sheet film against the abutment and in the closed condition of the cassette presses the film against the bottom. In this manner, when taking X-ray pictures of a part of patient's body which forms an angle relative to another body part, the unexposed section of the first mentioned body part which is adjacent the other body part, is minimized and well defined in position relative to the other body part.