Abstract: A process for preparing polyenecarbonyl compounds having a high all-E content and their acetals or ketals by aldol condensation or Horner-Emmons reaction comprises carrying out the reaction, for the purposes of the preferred formation of a double bond of E configuration and in order to maintain the E configuration of the double bonds in the stating compounds as completely as possible, in the presence of oxygen or an oxygen-inert gas mixture or nitric oxide or a nitric oxide-inert gas mixture and/or in the presence of specific stable radicals and/or in the presence of quinones or quinone derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkyl esters of 0,0-dialkyl-4-phosphono-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid containing a high percentage of E isomers, wherein the corresponding alkyl esters of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid are caused to react with PBr.sub.3 or PCl.sub.3 at temperatures ranging from 0.degree. to 80.degree. C. in the absence of pyridine and, if desired, the resulting mixture comprising predominantly alkyl esters of 4-halo-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid is caused to react with trialkyl esters of phosphorous acid at temperatures ranging from 70.degree. to 140.degree. C. The end products are desirable C.sub.5 building blocks for polyene syntheses or preceding stages.

Abstract: A process for preparing .alpha.-chloroalkyl aryl ketones of the formula I ##STR1## where n is 1 to 5,R.sub.1 independently of one another are H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, acyloxy, acylamino, halogen or nitro,R.sub.2,3 independently of one another are H, alkyl or aryl,by chlorination of alkyl aryl ketones of the formula II ##STR2## with sulfuryl chloride is described, the chlorination being carried out in the presence of an aliphatic alcohol.

Abstract: 5-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone is prepared by cyclization of alkyl .beta.-formylcrotonates by heating with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid or, advantageously, in the presence of dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid and catalytic amounts of methanol as solubilizer, subsequent workup of the reaction mixture by distillation and, where appropriate, isomerization of the 5-methoxy- or 5-ethoxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, which is formed as byproduct, by heating with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and R.sup.3 is an ether, silyl ether or acetal protective group which can be converted into a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis, in particular one of the radicals ##STR2## and a process for preparing these compounds by reacting an alkenyne of the formula II ##STR3## in an inert solvent in the presence of lithium amide with a cyclohexenone of the formula III ##STR4## and the use of the compounds of the formula I for preparing astaxanthin, are described.

Abstract: Graft and core-shell copolymers are provided which are useful as binders and are prepared from a peroxy-containing copolymer phase a) wherein the copolymer phase contains 0.01 to 20% by weight of residues of an olefinically di-unsaturated peroxy compound and from 80 to 99.99% by weight of residues of at least one comonomer and a polymer phase b) grafted thereon which is obtained by grafting one or more monomers. A process for preparing the copolymers is also provided.

Abstract: A process and a device for injection moulding plastic cups having a label-shaped enveloping sheet integrated therein according to the inmould labelling method and comprising the steps of coaxially moving a male mould and a female mould into one another for establishing thus a closed injection mould and injecting then molten plastic through an opening into said injection mould. During the opening and closing movements of the injection mould, a suction holding mandrel is adapted to be moved to a position at which it extends coaxially with the male mould and the female mould, whereupon the whole female mould is divided into a base member maintaining its instantaneous position and an advancable part, which is moved so as to cover part of the suction holding mandrel for picking up the enveloping sheet and holding, it in position by means of a suction force applied through a suction gap and which is then moved back to the base member with which it will recombine so as to establish the complete female mould.

Abstract: A process for preparing R/S-.gamma.-lipoic acid of the formula I or R/S-.alpha.-lipoic acid of the formula II ##STR1## is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of using aqueous polymer dispersions based on acrylate-methacrylate copolymers as lamination adhesives for heat sealed glossy films, where the aqueous polymer dispersions have a solids content of from 20 to 65% by weight, the copolymer has a glass transition temperature of from -35.degree. to -10.degree. C., a K value of from 40 to 100 and a mean particle size of less than 200 nm, and the copolymer is obtainable by free-radical emulsion polymerization of:a) from 50 to 80 parts by weight of one or more comonomers from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates of alcohols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms,b) from 10 to 25 parts by weight of one or more comonomers from the group consisting of alkyl methacrylates of alcohols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, andc1) from 0 to 10 parts by weight of one or more vinyl-aromatic comonomers,c2) from 0.1 to 4.0 parts by weight of one or more .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated, monoolefinic carboxylic acids,c3) from 0 to 4.0 parts by weight of one or more .

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and R.sup.3 is an ether, silyl ether or acetal protective group which can be converted into a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis, in particular one of the radicals ##STR2## and a process for preparing these compounds by reacting an alkenyne of the formula II ##STR3## in an inert solvent in the presence of lithium amide with a cyclohexenone of the formula III ##STR4## and the use of the compounds of the formula I for preparing astaxanthin, are described.

Abstract: Graft copolymers having improved phase binding between the graft base and the grafted-on polymer, are prepared from:a) a grafted-on polymer phase containing one or more monomers from the group consisting of (meth)acrylates of alcohols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, vinyl esters of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, olefins, vinyl halides, styrene and styrene derivatives, andb) a peroxy group-containing copolymer phase containing from 0.01 to 20% by weight of an olefinically unsaturated peroxy compound of the general formula I or II ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a chemical bond or a linear or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is an alkyl group or an alkyl-substituted phenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sup.5 is a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and from 80 to 99.

Abstract: A process for preparing R/S-.gamma.-lipoic acid of the formula I or R/S-.alpha.-lipoic acid of the formula II ##STR1## is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing cyclic acetals of 3-formyl-2-butenyltriphenylphosphonium chloride by acetalization of 3-formyl-2-butenyl acetate with an aliphatic 1,3-diol, conversion of the resulting 4-acetoxy acetal into the corresponding 4-hydroxy acetal, Vilsmeier chlorination to give the corresponding 4-chloro acetal and subsequent reaction with triphenylphosphine entails carrying out the first 3 steps in an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons with 6-8 carbons and the reaction with triphenylphosphine in an alkanol with 1-3 carbons and/or in aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon with 6-8 carbons or a corresponding mixture of hydrocarbons. The process is particularly advantageous when conversion of the 4-acetoxy acetal into the 4-hydroxy acetal is carried out with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution in the presence of phase-transfer catalysts, and the first three, or all four, reaction stages are carried out in the same C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 -hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Graft copolymers having improved phase binding between the graft base and the grafted-on polymer, are prepared from:a) a grafted-on polymer phase containing one or more monomers from the group consisting of (meth)acrylates of alcohols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, vinyl esters of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, olefins, vinyl halides, styrene and styrene derivatives, andb) a peroxy group-containing copolymer phase containing from 0.01 to 20% by weight of an olefinically unsaturated peroxy compound of the general formula I or II ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a chemical bond or a linear or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is an alkyl group or an alkyl-substituted phenyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sup.5 is a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and from 80 to 99.

Abstract: Potassium magnesium L-ascorbate 2-phosphate is prepared from an aqueous solution of potassium L-ascorbate 2-phosphate which is highly contaminated with KCl, as is produced in the phosphorylation of 5,6-isopropylidene-L-ascorbic acid, by adding to the solution about 1 equivalent of magnesium ions per equivalent of L-ascorbate 2-phosphate, and subsequently removing the KCl by electrodialysis. The product of this process is a novel salt of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate and has very advantageous handling properties.

Abstract: In a photosensitive recording element which contains at least one photopolymerizable recording layer (B) consisting ofb.sub.1) at least one partially of virtually completely hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alkanecarboxylate) and/or at least one partially or virtually completely hydrolyzed vinyl alkanecarboxylate/alkylene oxide graft copolymer as a binder,b.sub.2) at least one photopolymerization initiator,b.sub.3) at least one photopolymerizable olefinically unsaturated compound (monomer) which is compatible with the binder (b.sub.1), and/or photopolymerizable olefinically unsaturated radicals which are bonded as side radicals and/or terminal radicals to the binder (b.sub.1), andb.sub.4) at least two assistants, at least one of the said assistants (b.sub.4) has been selected from the group consisting ofb.sub.41) the isoalloxazines and the alloxazines, and at least one of the other assistants has been selected from the group consisting ofb.sub.

Abstract: Pentoses and hexoses are continuously epimerized by heating a sugar in solution in a solvent in the presence of a basic anion exchanger charged with a molybedenum(VI) compound by preparing a D- or L-sugar having cis-disposed OH groups in the 2- and 3-positions of the sugar by continuously passing a homogeneous solution of the corresponding sugar having transdisposed OH groups in the 2- and 3-positions of the sugar in a mixture of water and methanol or ethanol at from 70.degree. to 100.degree. C., preferably at from 73.degree. and 80.degree. C., through a reaction tube which contains the basic anion exchanger charged with the molybdenum(VI) compound, this method being suitable in particular for epimerizing D-arabinose to prepare D-ribose required for the production of riboflavin.

Abstract: Dihydroxydiones of the general formulaR--CO--CH(OH)--CH(OH)--CO--R Iwhere R is alkyl, are prepared by a process in which an aldehyde of the general formula ##STR1## where R has the abovementioned meaning, is subjected to electrolysis in a water-containing electrolyte which has a pH of less than 7.

Abstract: Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate is prepared by reacting ascorbic acid or an ascorbic acid derivative with POCl.sub.3 in the presence of a tertiary amine in a suitable aqueous solvent at from -10.degree. to 25.degree. C. while maintaining a pH of about 8-13.5 with KOH during the entire phosphorylation reaction and then isolating the ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, by a process in which an aqueous solution of a magnesium compound is added to the reaction mixture obtained in the phosphorylation, without prior treatment with an ion exchanger, until the formation of crystalline KMg PO.sub.4 is complete, the KMgPO.sub.4 which is crystallized out is separated off, the resulting filtrate is evaporated down at a pH of from 6 to 11 and/or from 0.

Abstract: Salts of riboflavin 5'-phosphate which are obtained by phosphorylation of riboflavin and reaction of the resulting riboflavin 5'-phosphate (5'-FMN), contaminated with unconverted riboflavin and isomeric riboflavin monophosphates and diphosphates, with an alkali metal hydroxide or a nitrogen base are purified by a process in which(a) a roughly 1-15% strength by weight homogeneous, clear, aqueous 5'-FMN salt solution having a pH of from 4 to 7 is prepared from the crude 5'-FMN obtained in the phosphorylation, water and the alkali metal hydroxide or the nitrogen base, preferably sodium hydroxide solution, if necessary with heating at from 30.degree. to 100.degree. C.,(b) the resulting solution is treated with a suitable polymeric adsorber resin and(c) the 5'-FMN salt substantially freed from unconverted riboflavin is isolated from the resulting solution and, if desired, the solution is fed to a subsequent fine purification.