Abstract: An apparatus and methods for measuring a thermodynamic potential of a limited physical space associated with a change in symmetry, wherein the limited physical space is characterized by a series of symmetry states having a ground symmetry state and at least one higher symmetry state. In one embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the step of transforming the limited physical space from the ground symmetry state to a higher symmetry state to cause the thermodynamic potential of the limited physical space to change from a first value to a second value. In another embodiment, the ground symmetry state is characterized by a U(1) EM Gauge symmetry, the thermodynamic potential &PSgr; is in the form of a proton magnetoelectrochemical potential, and the at least one higher symmetry state is characterized by an SU(2) symmetry.

Abstract: Residential wood home structures are evaluated and classified according to a defined risk level relative to damage likely to be caused by earthquake shaking or wind forces. Susceptibility to damage is evaluated and predicted by a probabilistic software engine based on existing databases of geologic and/or wind data coupled with specific structural characteristics information obtained by an onsite inspection of the structure. The software engine combines these data sets, and produces a report with a reliable, quantified risk rating that can be used by insurance companies to make decisions regarding offering of insurance and rates of insurance. The report is also used by homeowners as an evaluation factor in deciding to strengthen the structure against earthquake and/or wind storm damage.