Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for half-cells to oxidize protons in electrochemical half-cells with no medium and to oxidize acid-hosted protons in half-cell systems with a medium in a non-conducting substrate having openings and an apparatus to transfer the media among openings. Details are described of technology to capture protons into acid media so as to provide hosted protons. Detectors are described that can provide seismic and weather-related data. A method of producing power from in vivo vital fluids is given.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus, methods, and computer program products that can decrease the latency with which the coefficients of a function representative of signal are determined Specifically, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention, taking advantage of the independence of samples, updates each of the coefficients of the function as each sample is received. As such, when the final sample is received, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention need only update each coefficient with the contribution of the last sample prior to outputting the coefficients. As such, the latency from the time the last sample is received and the availability of the coefficients is decreased. To further decrease the latency, in one embodiment, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention prestore either all or a portion of the possible values of the contribution of a sample to each coefficient.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus, methods, and computer program products that can decrease the latency with which the coefficients of a function representative of signal are determined. Specifically, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention, taking advantage of the independence of samples, updates each of the coefficients of the function as each sample is received. As such, when the final sample is received, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention need only update each coefficient with the contribution of the last sample prior to outputting the coefficients. As such, the latency from the time the last sample is received and the availability of the coefficients is decreased. To further decrease the latency, in one embodiment, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention prestore either all or a portion of the possible values of the contribution of a sample to each coefficient, such that.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell which includes an anode half-cell, a cathode half-cell, an ion-host species formed within the reactant path between the two half-cells, an optional gate electrode influencing the electrical potential of the ions, and an optional mechanical interchange influencing the rate of charge transfer. Mechanical energy may be interchanged with chemical energy. The half-cells may be operated independently by accumulation and deployment of the ion-host intermediate species.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode half-cell and a cathode half-cell. A separator, such as a membrane, is formed between the two half-cells, and a gate electrode may be configured to influence the properties of the separator. Electricity is generated by flowing a liquid fuel through conduits, while applying an electric field to the gated membrane such that the membrane conducts protons. Complementary half cell reactions take place at an anode and a cathode.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus, methods, and computer program products that can decrease the latency with which the coefficients of a function representative of signal are determined. Specifically, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention, taking advantage of the independence of samples, updates each of the coefficients of the function as each sample is received. As such, when the final sample is received, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention need only update each coefficient with the contribution of the last sample prior to outputting the coefficients. As such, the latency from the time the last sample is received and the availability of the coefficients is decreased. To further decrease the latency, in one embodiment, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention prestore either all or a portion of the possible values of the contribution of a sample to each coefficient, such that.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus, methods, and computer program products for providing coefficients of a function representative of a signal. In one embodiment, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention, taking advantage of the independence of samples, provide complete sets of coefficients of the function as each sample is received and corrects the updated coefficients for accuracy by applying a rotating reference system. As such, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention are capable of providing accurate coefficients with decreased latency. In another, embodiment, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention use learning models to derive complete sets of coefficients of functions as each sample is received.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus, methods, and computer program products that can decrease the latency with which the coefficients of a function representative of signal are determined. Specifically, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention, taking advantage of the independence of samples, updates each of the coefficients of the function as each sample is received. As such, when the final sample is received, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention need only update each coefficient with the contribution of the last sample prior to outputting the coefficients. As such, the latency from the time the last sample is received and the availability of the coefficients is decreased. To further decrease the latency, in one embodiment, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention prestore either all or a portion of the possible values of the contribution of a sample to each coefficient, such that.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus, methods, and computer program products that can decrease the latency with which the coefficients of a function representative of signal are determined. Specifically, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention, taking advantage of the independence of samples, updates each of the coefficients of the function as each sample is received. As such, when the final sample is received, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention need only update each coefficient with the contribution of the last sample prior to outputting the coefficients. As such, the latency from the time the last sample is received and the availability of the coefficients is decreased. To further decrease the latency, in one embodiment, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention prestore either all or a portion of the possible values of the contribution of a sample to each coefficient, such that.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus, methods, and computer program products for providing coefficients of a function representative of a signal. In one embodiment, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention, taking advantage of the independence of samples, provide complete sets of coefficients of the function as each sample is received and corrects the updated coefficients for accuracy by applying a rotating reference system. As such, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention are capable of providing accurate coefficients with decreased latency. In another, embodiment, the apparatus, methods, and computer program products of the present invention use learning models to derive complete sets of coefficients of functions as each sample is received.

Abstract: Energy is conserved in a bar code reader by taking bar code samples on demand or as necessary, primarily when a data bearing feature of the bar code is predicted to be proximate. A plurality of samples are obtained for a bar code. Preferably, an analog to digital converter converts each of the samples into a multi-bit digital value. A feature detector is connected to the analog to digital converter for detecting bar code features from the plurality of multi-bit digital values. The displacements among the detected data bearing features are compared to thereby determine the width of bars having first and second data values in order to decode the bar code. Preferably, a relative scan speed is extracted and kept current during the scan in order to predict code feature locations. Preferably the decoding proceeds concurrently with the sampling.

Abstract: A portable optical data reader for optically sensing and decoding data, comprising a carrier oscillator for producing a carrier signal at a predetermined frequency, an optical emitter electrically connected to the carrier oscillator for emitting optical radiation in an optical path to an optical data carrier at the predetermined frequency, an optical detector for detecting the emitted optical radiation returning from the optical data carrier thereby receiving the optical data and producing a detected electrical signal responsive thereto, and a double balanced demodulator electrically connected to the optical detector and the carrier oscillator for combining the detected radiation signal with the carrier signal to demodulate the optical data with the optical data carrier.