Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for determining impedance of an electrochemical device by electrically connecting a variable impedance in parallel with the electrochemical device; electrically connecting a power supply to the electrochemical device, the power supply generating a power supply current; modulating a current through the variable impedance; measuring a stack current flowing through the electrochemical device; measuring, at the electrochemical device, a voltage across at least a portion of the electrochemical device; and calculating, based on the measured stack current and the measured voltage, the impedance of the electrochemical device. Systems for performing such methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical flow cell that includes a gap positioned between an ion exchange membrane (IEM) and a cathode gas diffusion electrode (GDE), where the gap is positioned to contain a liquid and the gap has a thickness value, as defined by the distance between the IEM and the cathode GDE, of between greater than zero mm and less than about 2.0 mm. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the gap may be between about 0.1 mm and about 1.0 mm.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for determining impedance of an electrochemical device by electrically connecting a variable impedance in parallel with the electrochemical device; electrically connecting a power supply to the electrochemical device, the power supply generating a power supply current; modulating a current through the variable impedance; measuring a stack current flowing through the electrochemical device; measuring, at the electrochemical device, a voltage across at least a portion of the electrochemical device; and calculating, based on the measured stack current and the measured voltage, the impedance of the electrochemical device. Systems for performing such methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrochemical flow cell that includes a gap positioned between an ion exchange membrane (IEM) and a cathode gas diffusion electrode (GDE), where the gap is positioned to contain a liquid and the gap has a thickness value, as defined by the distance between the IEM and the cathode GDE, of between greater than zero mm and less than about 2.0 mm. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the gap may be between about 0.1 mm and about 1.0 mm.

Abstract: A system for automatically creating a desired software application design. In response to an input to create a desired software application design, functional requirements for the desired software application design are retrieved. Then, non-functional requirements associated with each retrieved functional requirement are retrieved. In addition, software models associated with the retrieved functional requirements are retrieved. Further, software patterns associated with the retrieved non-functional requirements are retrieved. Then, the retrieved software models are transformed into software code for the desired software application design. Also, the retrieved software patterns are applied to associated code sequences in the software code to automatically create an architecture for the desired software application design. Finally, the architecture for the desired software application design is outputted for use by a user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for web-based tool management are implemented. A tool object model provides a logical representation of the physical tool. The tool object model defines a hierarchical set of tool objects that characterize the tool, and additionally a set of method for performing actions on the tool objects. These actions also correspond to operations, which may include reporting as well as processing tasks, performed by the tool. A user may remotely control and monitor a tool using a conventional web browser. For example, a user may execute methods of the tool object model, or obtain detailed information about a tool object. User actions are passed to a server by embedding them in hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) requests. The server receives the HTTP request, and passes the request to a corresponding page server in accordance with the action requested. Depending on the action requested, the page server may generate a web page in response, or may invoke a method of the tool object model.

Abstract: A system, computer program product and method for automated tool management in a multi-protocol environment. A user may issue a message in accordance with an object-oriented interapplication communication protocol to a corresponding application interface unit. The message may be a request to perform a particular action on a selected tool. The content of the message may be extracted by the corresponding application interface unit which may comprise data required by the requested action and a pointer to the object representing the tool. The application interface unit may invoke a method of the object pointed to by the pointers in the message. A value may then be procured by an equipment model where the value may be associated with particular information requested in the message about a tool or a notification informing the user that an event occurred. The equipment model may transfer the value to the appropriate user.

Abstract: A system, computer program product and method for automated tool management in a multi-protocol environment. A user may issue a message in accordance with an object-oriented interapplication communication protocol to a corresponding application interface unit. The message may be a request to perform a particular action on a selected tool. The content of the message may be extracted by the corresponding application interface unit which may comprise data required by the requested action and a pointer to the object representing the tool. The application interface unit may invoke a method of the object pointed to by the pointers in the message. A value may then be procured by an equipment model where the value may be associated with particular information requested in the message about a tool or a notification informing the user that an event occurred. The equipment model may transfer the value to the appropriate user.

Abstract: This invention is a modular, adjustable, easy to maintain, portable or fixed food sanitation tunnel, comprising an enclosing means for subjecting food to sanitizers including UV light, ozone, hydroperoxides, superoxides and hydroxyl radicals, and a method for using the system. The enclosing means includes one or more UV radiation sources and one or more target rods located within a tunnel, such as a c-shaped shell. The UV radiation sources are preferably UV light sources that emit UV light of approximately 185 to 254 nm. The target rods are approximately up to 0-30% titanium dioxide, up to 0-30% silver and up to 0-30% copper, by weight. The system may include a mister for the efficient production of hydroxyl radicals by the UV light sources. Parts of the system are easily removable for cleaning and for maintenance. Also, in an alternative embodiment, the tunnel is located on a frame, and the frame is on wheels.

Abstract: This invention is a modular, adjustable, easy to maintain, portable or fixed food sanitation tunnel, comprising an enclosing means for subjecting food to sanitizers including UV light, ozone, hydroperoxides, superoxides and hydroxyl radicals, and a method for using the system. The enclosing means includes one or more UV radiation sources and one or more target rods located within a tunnel, such as a c-shaped shell. The UV radiation sources are preferably UV light sources that emit UV light of approximately 185 to 254 nm. The target rods are approximately up to 0–30% titanium dioxide, up to 0–30% silver and up to 0–30% copper, by weight. The system may include a mister for the efficient production of hydroxyl radicals by the UV light sources. Parts of the system are easily removable for cleaning and for maintenance. Also, in an alternative embodiment, the tunnel is located on a frame, and the frame is on wheels.

Abstract: An air cleaning apparatus comprising at least one UV light source and at least one target structure comprising a plurality of elongated tubular elements, whereby air cleaned by the UV light source in the presence of the target structure creates a zone of plasma including advanced oxidation products. The target structure incorporates at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, copper, silver, and rhodium. The plurality of tubular elements is arranged in one or more matrices of elongated tubular elements. The matrices are optimized to allow air to flow through the elongated elements. The matrices comprise two parallel wall-shaped structures of stacked tubular elements, and the UV light source is located between two wall-shaped structures, whereby air flows through the tubular elements. A frame and an insulating UV light transparent cover generally surrounding the UV light source may be provided.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing activated treated water to washing machines with a water treatment conduit connected between a water supply and an inlet of the washing machine, having a reactor chamber with a UV lamp and a coated metal target that generates oxidizing gases that communicate by an injector into the conduit and a transparent portion of the conduit treats the oxidated water by illumination from the UV lamp. A disinfector injects disinfecting silver ions into the treated oxidated water. A controller activates the apparatus during flow of water through the conduit. A method of activating and treating water for washing machines is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a high volume, wall-mountable air sanitation apparatus for disinfecting and removing VOC's with high energy UV light and ozone. The apparatus has a powerful fan and an elongated UV light source and target for use with the movement of a large volume of air. The target includes a mesh and a secondary target both comprising a target compound which creates hydro-peroxides, super oxide ions and hydroxyl radicals in the presence of water also for removing pollutants in the air.

Abstract: The present invention is a high volume, wall-mountable air sanitation apparatus for disinfecting and removing VOCs from air with high energy UV light and ozone. The apparatus has a powerful fan and an elongated UV light source and target for use with the movement of a large volume of air. The target includes a mesh and a secondary target both comprising a target compound which creates hydro-peroxides, super oxide ions and hydroxyl radicals in the presence of water also for removing pollutants in the air.

Abstract: A device, system, and method, for the formation of advanced oxidation products by contacting a hydrated catalytic surface of a catalytic target structure with broad spectrum ultraviolet light in the 100 nm to 300 nm range that preferably includes 185 nm and 254 nm wavelengths. The catalytic surface reacts with the ultraviolet light energy and hydrate at the catalytic surface to form advanced oxidation products. The catalytic surface in one embodiment includes a hydrophilic agent, titanium dioxide, silver, copper, and rhodium. Preferably, the catalytic surface is coated with a coating that includes the hydrophilic agent, titanium dioxide, silver, copper, and rhodium. A photohydroionization cell (100) that includes an ultraviolet light source (204) and a catalytic target structure (110) in an air environment to form advanced oxidation product is also provided. A U.V. light indicator and a monitor and/or control system for the photohydroionization cell (100) are also provided.

Abstract: A compact, efficient, easy-to-maintain enclosable cabinet for sanitizing a liquid flowing along a cascade within a cabinet body, having a cabinet body, a plurality of troughs directing the liquid along a predetermined path including a cascade within the cabinet body and one or more sanitizing radiation sources for subjecting the liquid to a sanitizing radiation for a predetermined time while flowing along the predetermined path, whereby the liquid is subject to sufficient sanitizing radiation for a predetermined level of sanitization. The sanitizing radiation sources are assemblies having a UV light source, a UV light shield located between the UV light source and the liquid and a rigid internal reflector shield located between the UV light source and the UV light shield.

Abstract: This invention is a modular, adjustable, easy to maintain, portable or fixed food sanitation tunnel, comprising an enclosing means for subjecting food to sanitizers including UV light, ozone, hydroperoxides, superoxides and hydroxyl radicals, and a method for using the system. The enclosing means includes one or more UV radiation sources and one or more target rods located within a tunnel, such as a c-shaped shell. The UV radiation sources are preferably UV light sources that emit UV light of approximately 185 to 254 nm. The target rods are approximately up to 0-30% titanium dioxide, up to 0-30% silver and up to 0-30% copper, by weight. The system may include a mister for the efficient production of hydroxyl radicals by the UV light sources. Parts of the system are easily removable for cleaning and for maintenance. Also, in an alternative embodiment, the tunnel is located on a frame, and the frame is on wheels.

Abstract: This invention is a modular, adjustable, easy to maintain, portable food sanitation hood system, comprising a hooded means for subjecting food to sanitizers including UV light, ozone and hydroxyl radicals, and a method for using the system. The means for subjecting food to the sanitizers includes one or more UV radiation sources and one or more target rods for UV radiation located under a hood. The UV radiation sources are preferably low-vapor mercury UV light sources that emit UV light of approximately 185 to 254 nm. The hood preferably includes an adjustable light curtain to at least partially reduce radiation emitted away from the food. The target rods comprise up to approximately up to 0-30% titanium dioxide, up to 0-30% silver and up to 0-30% copper, by weight. The system may include a mister for adding mist in proximity to the food for efficient sanitization.

Abstract: A compact, efficient, easy-to-maintain enclosable cabinet for sanitizing a liquid flowing along a cascade within a cabinet body, having a cabinet body, a plurality of troughs directing the liquid along a predetermined path including a cascade within the cabinet body and one or more sanitizing radiation sources for subjecting the liquid to a sanitizing radiation for a predetermined time while flowing along the predetermined path, whereby the liquid is subject to sufficient sanitizing radiation for a predetermined level of sanitization. The sanitizing radiation sources are assemblies having a UV light source, a UV light shield located between the UV light source and the liquid and a rigid internal reflector shield located between the UV light source and the UV light shield.

Abstract: The present invention is a high volume, wall-mountable air sanitation apparatus for disinfecting and removing VOCs from air with high energy UV light and ozone. The apparatus has a powerful fan and an elongated UV light source and target for use with the movement of a large volume of air. The target includes a mesh and a secondary target both comprising a target compound which creates hydro-peroxides, super oxide ions and hydroxyl radicals in the presence of water also for removing pollutants in the air.