Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving one or more packets of a communication session from one or more interfaces, such that the interface is a subscriber interface or a network interface. The method further includes associating the communication session to an end user with a source Internet Protocol (IP) address of the packet if the packet is received from the subscriber interface or to an end user with a destination IP address of the packet if the packet is received from the network interface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a plurality of communication sessions of a transaction associated with a postpaid end user. The method includes associating the plurality of communication sessions with the transaction and extracting data from the plurality of communication sessions associated with the transaction. The method includes generating a single billing record after the transaction is completed, the single billing record comprising the extracted data from the plurality of communication sessions associated with the transaction.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, availability information describing virtual machines running on physical machines is accessed. The availability information associates each virtual machine with a physical resource used by the virtual machine. Use by the virtual machines is determined from the availability information. Availability of the physical resources is determined according to the use. Server load is balanced according to the availability of the physical resources. According to another embodiment, the following is performed until a load is accommodated: selecting a server having a load that is less than an expansion threshold; loading the server until the expansion threshold is reached; selecting a next server having a load that is less than a next expansion threshold; and loading the next server until the next expansion threshold is reached. Load of a low load server is determined to be below a contraction threshold, and the low load server is drained.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving one or more packets of a communication session from one or more interfaces, such that the interface is a subscriber interface or a network interface. The method further includes associating the communication session to an end user with a source Internet Protocol (IP) address of the packet if the packet is received from the subscriber interface or to an end user with a destination IP address of the packet if the packet is received from the network interface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving one or more packets of a communication session from one or more interfaces, such that the interface is a subscriber interface or a network interface. The method further includes associating the communication session to an end user with a source Internet Protocol (IP) address of the packet if the packet is received from the subscriber interface or to an end user with a destination IP address of the packet if the packet is received from the network interface.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, availability information describing virtual machines running on physical machines is accessed. The availability information associates each virtual machine with a physical resource used by the virtual machine. Use by the virtual machines is determined from the availability information. Availability of the physical resources is determined according to the use. Server load is balanced according to the availability of the physical resources. According to another embodiment, the following is performed until a load is accommodated: selecting a server having a load that is less than an expansion threshold; loading the server until the expansion threshold is reached; selecting a next server having a load that is less than a next expansion threshold; and loading the next server until the next expansion threshold is reached. Load of a low load server is determined to be below a contraction threshold, and the low load server is drained.

Abstract: A method for billing end users in a peer-to-peer transaction in a network environment is provided that includes a client services packet gateway operable to communicate with a first end user and a second end user in order to facilitate the peer-to-peer transaction and a flow manager element operable to receive one or more packets of the peer-to-peer transaction from one or more interfaces, such that the interface is a subscriber interface or a network interface. The flow manager is further operable to associate a first session object with the first user and associate a second session object with the second user.

Abstract: A method for distributing information in a network environment is provided that includes receiving one or more packets from a communication flow initiated by an end user and selectively communicating information associated with the communication flow to a network element so that the network element may correlate a source with the communication flow.

Abstract: Resolving a Layer 3 address includes maintaining an address resolution table at each slave processor of a number of slave processors. The slave processors have a master processor, and the master processor and the slave processors are associated with a unified address. An address resolution table includes one or more Layer 2-Layer 3 address mappings. An address resolution request requesting a Layer 2 address corresponding to a Layer 3 address is sent from a slave processor. The address resolution request uses the unified address. An address resolution response comprising the Layer 2 address is received at the master processor. The master processor sends the response to the slaves.

Abstract: Maintaining a content category cache includes storing the content category cache at a gateway. The content category cache includes content category mappings, where a content category mapping associates content with one or more categories describing the content. A request requesting content for a user is received. One or more categories associated with the requested content are determined from a content category mapping of the content category cache. The requested content is filtered in accordance with the categories.

Abstract: A method for monitoring information in a network environment is provided that includes receiving one or more packets from a communication flow initiated by an end user. The information associated with the communication flow is then selectively communicated to a plurality of client-aware network elements.

Abstract: In a distributed network, a data entry is received. The data entry is stored in a first one of a plurality of nodes and replicated in a second one of the plurality of nodes in order to provide data redundancy in the distributed network. In the event of a failure of the second one of the plurality of nodes, the data entry that was replicated therein is re-replicated into a third one of the plurality of nodes in order to maintain data redundancy despite the failure of the second one of the plurality of nodes. Data redundancy can be retained despite the failure of the second one of the plurality of nodes as long as the overall capacity for the distributed network remains above an initial threshold.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving one or more billing instructions, the billing instructions being operable to initiate one or more billing actions associated with one or more token combinations. The billing actions are performed when the one or more token combinations match a portion of a received protocol. The matched portion of the protocol is associated with a new, unknown, or emerging protocol or protocol extension.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a plurality of communication sessions of a transaction associated with a postpaid end user. The method includes associating the plurality of communication sessions with the transaction and extracting data from the plurality of communication sessions associated with the transaction. The method includes generating a single billing record after the transaction is completed, the single billing record comprising the extracted data from the plurality of communication sessions associated with the transaction.

Abstract: A method for billing end users in a peer-to-peer transaction in a network environment is provided that includes a client services packet gateway operable to communicate with a first end user and a second end user in order to facilitate the peer-to-peer transaction and a flow manager element operable to receive one or more packets of the peer-to-peer transaction from one or more interfaces, such that the interface is a subscriber interface or a network interface. The flow manager is further operable to associate a first session object with the first user and associate a second session object with the second user.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving one or more packets of a communication session from one or more interfaces, such that the interface is a subscriber interface or a network interface. The method further includes associating the communication session to an end user with a source Internet Protocol (IP) address of the packet if the packet is received from the subscriber interface or to an end user with a destination IP address of the packet if the packet is received from the network interface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a midpoint obtains information from packets by monitoring a communication session between a subscriber side endpoint and a network side provider. The communication session involves a packet flow comprising one or more packets, where a packet comprises tunnel layers. The midpoint establishes one or more target layers of the tunnel layers and performs the following for each tunnel layer at least until a last target layer is reached: identifies a protocol associated with a tunnel layer, parses the packet according to the identified protocol, and extracts target information from the tunnel layer if the tunnel layer is a target layer.

Abstract: In one embodiment, assigning a policy to a communication session includes facilitating the communication session for an endpoint. Policy data is determined from one or more messages communicated subsequent to communication of a request message requesting a service for the endpoint. A policy is assigned to the communication session in accordance with the policy data.

Abstract: Filtering content according to a filter plan includes receiving a request at a gateway on a data path between a client and a content server. The request requests content from the content server. One or more filter plans are obtained. The filter plans include a user filter plan of a user associated with the client. The requested content is filtered according to the filter plans.

Abstract: Maintaining a content category cache includes storing the content category cache at a gateway. The content category cache includes content category mappings, where a content category mapping associates content with one or more categories describing the content. A request requesting content for a user is received. One or more categories associated with the requested content are determined from a content category mapping of the content category cache. The requested content is filtered in accordance with the categories.