Abstract: In a tool turret for a machine tool, in particular, a lathe, comprising a turret head rotatable about a turret indexing axis, the turret head tapering on either side of a diameter plane of the turret head extending perpendicularly to the turret indexing axis and having on each side of this diameter plane a circular ring-shaped row of tool stations which is concentric with the indexing axis, each of the tool stations having a tool receiving means for clamping a toolholder for a machining tool, in order to increase the machining operations which are performable with a tool turret and the machining accuracy, such a tool turret is so designed that: each tool station comprises a planar contact surface formed by the outer surfaces of the turret head for a toolholder; the contact surfaces of the two rows of tool stations define regular pyramids of identical shape which point away from one another and whose axes coincide with the turret indexing axis; each row of tool stations has at least one tool receiving means fo

Abstract: A tool fixing device for machine tools has a tool holder with a tool holder body for bearing the tool, and a tool carrier with a tool station. The tool station has a support surface and a receiver for receiving a shaft from the tool holder. An aligning device operative between the tool holder body and the tool carrier is used to position the tool holder body relative to the tool carrier, such that the tool holders in the respective tool station of the tool carrier need not be readjusted each time they are inserted. The aligning device has two aligning elements, one on the tool carrier, and the other on the tool holder body. When the shaft from the tool holder is clamped in the receiver on the tool station, the aligning elements fix the tool carrier so as to be aligned in a single position using form-fitting elements which engage in one another without clearance.

Abstract: A CNC automatic lathe has at least one carriage system having an X, a Y, and a Z axis that carries a tool revolver designed as a so-called disk revolver for working with lathe tools and rotary machining tools. In order to reduce as much as possible the distance between a defined cutting plane for the turning process and the carriage system, the Y axis forms with the normal to the cutting plane a relatively small acute angle (beta), so that when the tool revolver is rotated in a controlled manner around its axis, a rotatively driven machining tool mounted on the revolver and located in its working position is swivelled with its axis of rotation through an acute angle out of the cutting plane in the direction of the carriage system. The machining area of the machining tool thus described a movement with a component that extends in the minus direction of the Y axis.

Abstract: Motor spindle cooled by coolant for a machine tool comprising a workpiece spindle and a drive motor having a rotor surrounding the workpiece spindle, concentric with the workpiece spindle and connected to the workpiece spindle, and a stator surrounding the rotor and concentric with the rotor, and comprising a spindle housing accommodating the drive motor and coolant channels surrounding the stator, at least one inner coolant channel enclosing the stator at least to a major extent and at least one outer coolant channel similarly enclosing the stator at least to a major extent being provided--in section through the three-phase motor perpendicularly to the spindle axis--for decoupling the spindle housing thermally from the drive motor, the outer coolant channel lying--in relation to the spindle axis--outside the inner coolant channel in the radial direction, and a coolant inlet being connected to a first end of the outer coolant channel, the second end of the outer coolant channel to a first end of the inner coo

Abstract: An automatic lathe having two workpiece spindles each provided with a workpiece clamping device and arranged with coaxial spindle axes. At least one of the workpiece spindles is arranged on a slide guided for displacement in the direction of the spindle axis and displaceable in the direction of the spindle axis by a drive element and a coupling device between the drive element and the slide. In order to compensate for axial movement component of the clamping device during clamping, the coupling device is designed such that in a first condition thereof, the slide is freely displaceable relative to the drive element in the direction of the spindle axis and opposite to the axial movement component of the clamping device. In a second condition of the coupling device, the slide is not displaceable relative to the drive element in the direction of the spindle axis.

Abstract: Process for loading and unloading the main spindle of a lathe which comprises a turret provided with at least two drivable auxiliary spindles and which is combined with a workpiece handling device, wherein in order to shorten the machining time, the rotating main spindle is loaded and unloaded with the aid of the auxiliary spindles driven at the same rotational speed as the main spindle, and the auxiliary spindles are loaded and unloaded by the workpiece handling device when they point in the upward direction.

Abstract: Device for setting the working point of a tool with respect to a reference point in an NC machine tool with a tool slide system and a path measuring system for the tool slide motion which is connected to a machine control system, and with a control sensor for transmitting a correction signal to the machine control system. The control sensor can be brought to the reference point, up to and over which the tool point can be moved by program control, starting from a starting point of the tool slide. The starting point of the tool slide and the reference point are spaced at a specified distance from one another and distances of the tool point from the starting point of the tool slide can be balanced by the machine control system against reference distances which can be evaluated by the machine control system on the basis of the correction signal and also on the basis of path measurement signals of the path measuring system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a feeding device for a tool slide of a machine tool of a simple, compact and economical construction comprising an electro-hydraulic linear amplifier easily accommodated in the constructional space of a hydraulically operated tool slide. The valve housing is inserted into the piston rod on the side of the piston remote from the control valve means thereby allowing for a plurality of tool slides to be arranged in a very compact space. The valve means forms a cartridge which can be simply inserted into the cylinder chamber formed by the cylinder housing. The arrangement of the control valve means in the cylinder housing and the rigid connection between the motor and the piston result in compact design and in shorter conduits for the hydraulic fluid between the control valve means and the cylinder chambers thereby leading to a high rigidity of the feeding device.

Abstract: Device for changing the attachment jaws of a chuck provided with main jaws, each of which has two axially aligned bolts for exact positioning of the attachment jaws. These bolts engage and fit into bores in the attachment jaw and guide a locking slide means which is displaceable in a radial direction by means of a headless screw inserted into the attachment jaw. A gripping device for the atachment jaws has a screw driving means and a threaded bore for the screw and so the latter is screwed partially out of the attachment jaw and into the gripping device in order to connect gripping device and attachment jaw with one another.

Abstract: Automatic turret lathe with a synchronous spindle in the tool turret which is drivable in synchronism with the main spindle and comprises a workpiece chuck means. To enable workpieces to also be worked on the rear side, i.e., on the side on which they were severed from a stock rod, while the next workpiece held in the main spindle is already being machined with the aid of a further tool carrier, a third tool carrier is arranged on the side of the tool turret mounted on a compound slide system facing away from the main spindle.

Abstract: NC automatic turret lathe with a tool turret, in which an auxiliary spindle is rotatably mounted. In order to position this auxiliary spindle with respect to its angle of rotation, an angle of rotation sensor device which controls a drive motor for the auxiliary spindle and an activatable locking device designed in the form of a freewheel are provided for the auxiliary spindle so that it may be positioned, with respect to its angle of rotation, accurately and free from play by reversing the auxiliary spindle drive motor once the locking device has been activated.

Abstract: A method of controlling the exposure in the production of photographic color prints by scanning an original line-by-line and point-by-point with three primary colors to determine the density of each primary color at each point. At each scanned point the difference between the density values of a pair of two of the three primary colors and the difference between another different pair of the three primary colors are compared with the corresponding density difference values of a reference original having a constant density distribution comprising the three primary colors. The density difference comparison forms a selection criteria to determine whether each point scanned is to be used to form density values from which the exposure values for the three primary colors are formed to control exposure of the print material. The selection criteria is as follows: ##EQU1## WHERE D.sub.i, D.sub.j and D.sub.k denote the densities of the scanned points for the primary colors i, j and k; a, b and c are constant factors; d.

Abstract: A device is provided for pretesting originals to be copied for their copyability. The device includes a photoelectric point by point scanner and a decision circuit for evaluating density scanning values from the scanner. The decision circuit compares the scanning values with the minimum scanning value and produces a clear signal when a predetermined number of scanning values exceeds the minimum value by at least a given first threshold value. If this criterion is not fulfilled a skip signal is produced. In a preferred embodiment the decision circuit produces the clear signal only if the average value of a predetermined number of highest scanning values exceeds the minimum value by at least the given first threshold value.

Abstract: A method of controlling exposure in the production of photographic prints by scanning an original point-by-point and determining the neutral density of each point of the picture, the densities being processed to provide exposure data to control the exposure of sensitized paper to produce a print from the original. To provide the optimum print quality as required by this method, the picture area of the original is divided up into zones, each of which is at least two picture points, the density values obtained by scanning the original are processed with a density value of a point in a reference picture to provide intermediate density values for each zone in accordance with processing instructions which vary from zone to zone, the intermediate values then serving to form an end density value to control the exposure of the print material.

Abstract: Automatic turret lathe with a synchronous spindle in the tool turret which is drivable in synchronism with the main spindle and comprises a workpiece chuck means. To enable workpieces to also be worked on the rear side, i.e., on the side on which they were severed from a stock rod, while the next workpiece held in the main spindle is already being machined with the aid of a further tool carrier, a third tool carrier is arranged on the side of the tool turret mounted on a compound slide system facing away from the main spindle.