Abstract: A high-molecular-weight polyester is prepared by polycondensing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with a mixture of alkanediols and alkenediols with substantial exclusion of oxygen and in the presence of a catalyst, until a viscosity number in the range from 50 to 140 cm.sup.3 /g is reached and then postcondensing the polycondensed material in the solid-phase until the required viscosity number is reached.

Abstract: A high-molecular-weight polyester is to be prepared in such a way that it is possible to very quickly and advantageously obtain even relatively small amounts having a very high molecular weight.This is achieved by preparing a polyester containing proportions of an alkene diol by continuing the polycondensation step until a viscosity number from 5 to 150 cm.sup.3 /g is reached and subsequently subjecting the polyester thus obtained to a treatment with ionizing radiation until the required viscosity number is reached.With the aid of the process of the invention it is possible to obtain high-molecular-weight polyesters having the desired property profile.

Abstract: A process for producing high molecular weight polyester is provided which allows the production of small quantities of very high molecular weight polyester in a commercially convenient manner, comprising:polycondensing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with a mixture of an alkanediol and an alkenediol in the presence of a catalyst and in the substatial absence of oxygen, up to a viscosity number in the range from 50 to 140 cm.sup.3 /g to obtain a polyester,contacting said polyester with 0.001 to 8% by weight of an agent which forms free radicals and dissociates with a half-life of 5 seconds to 120 minutes at temperatures in the range from 130.degree. to 350.degree. C., andreacting said polyester and said agent which forms free radicals to provide the high molecular weight polyester.

Abstract: Alkylidene compounds and arylidene compounds are prepared by reacting the corresponding CH-acidic compounds with carbonyl compounds in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal compound of a metal of Groups IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, VIB, VIIB, or VIIIB of the periodic table of elements. The rate of reaction is increased by adding 1 to 40% water referred to the weight of catalyst used.

Abstract: In order to produce pure alpha, omega-C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 alkenols having purities in excess of 90% by dehydrating the corresponding alpha, omega-C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 diols, a catalyst is used which was prepared by using an alkaline earth orthophosphate or alkaline earth hydrogen phosphate or by reacting an alkaline earth compound with phosphoric acid into the corresponding phosphate and then adding an alkali or alkaline earth compound. This catalyst is suitable to be shaped, next it is dried and then calcined at temperatures between 350.degree. and 950.degree. C. The educt dehydration takes place at temperatures between 300.degree. and 500.degree. C. in selective and partial manner to obtain pure alpha, omega-C.sub.4 to C.sub.20 alkenols at conversions exceeding 90%.

Abstract: Crude product substituted 1,3-diols obtained by aldolization and subsequent hydrogenation are treated at elevated temperatures with at least sufficient basic additives to reduce the saponification number to zero. Thereupon, the saponified product is reacted with 5 to 30% water and possibly cooled to 1.degree. to 30.degree. C. The aqueous phase is separated mechanically, and following the separation and addition of 5 to 30% water the organic phase is adjusted to a pH of 8.0 to 10.5. A second aqueous phase is removed and, thereupon, the monovalent alcohol is removed by distillation from the second organic phase. Again the pH value of the second organic phase is set at 8.0 to 10.5 and the 1,3-diol is recovered by fractionation.

Abstract: For the preparation of pure, anhydrous cyclic imido esters, nitriles are reacted with amino alcohols with splitting off of ammonia at temperatures of 90.degree.-230.degree. C. under a pressure of 1.1-10 bar. The catalysts employed are metallic compounds. The process results in substantially shorter reaction times.