Abstract: A composition and method required for providing a fracturing fluid pumped down a well bore and into a subterranean formation under conditions of pressure that will fracture the subterranean formation is described. More specifically, the composition increases the recovery of hydrocarbons from a geological formation penetrated by a well bore, wherein the composition includes a fracturing fluid that is liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) with proppant to aid transport of the proppant in suspension, and thereby create a fracture using a fracturing fluid which is the thickened composition containing fumed silica. When the composition is without a proppant, the viscosity of the composition is increased in order to improve the fracturing operation through aspects such as increased fracture width and reduced fluid leak-off.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a composition and method of fracturing a formation penetrated by a well-bore. The composition and method comprises providing a fracturing fluid that is liquefied carbon dioxide (LCO2) with at least one friction reducing polymer that is a polysiloxane dissolved in the LCO2 at a concentration of about 0.001 to 1.0 weight percent, and a first at least one co-solvent, and optionally a second at least one co-solvent that has a closed cup flash point greater than the first at least one co-solvent, in order to enable dissolution of the polymer in order to effect friction reduction.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a composition and method of fracturing a formation penetrated by a well-bore. The composition and method comprises providing a fracturing fluid that is liquefied carbon dioxide (LCO2) with at least one friction reducing polymer that is a polysiloxane dissolved in the LCO2 at a concentration of about 0.001 to 1.0 weight percent, and a first at least one co-solvent, and optionally a second at least one co-solvent that has a closed cup flash point greater than the first at least one co-solvent, in order to enable dissolution of the polymer in order to effect friction reduction.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a composition and method of fracturing a formation penetrated by a well-bore. The composition and method comprises providing a fracturing fluid that is liquefied carbon dioxide (LCO2) with at least one friction reducing polymer that is a polysiloxane dissolved in the LCO2 at a concentration of about 0.001 to 1.0 weight percent, and a first at least one co-solvent, and optionally a second at least one co-solvent that has a closed cup flash point greater than the first at least one co-solvent, in order to enable dissolution of the polymer in order to effect friction reduction.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of making a fracturing fluid and system of fracturing a formation penetrated by a well-bore. The method includes providing a fracturing fluid that is liquefied carbon dioxide (LCO2) and a co-solvent in a quantity of 1-19 wt %, and at least one friction-reducing polymer in a quantity of 0.001-1.0 wt % of the fracturing fluid composition, wherein the friction-reducing polymer is initially disposed in an emulsion, and is at least partially soluble in the co-solvent and LCO2 mixture.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a composition and method of fracturing a formation penetrated by a well-bore. The composition and method comprises providing a fracturing fluid that is liquefied carbon dioxide (LCO2) with at least one friction reducing polymer that is a polysiloxane dissolved in the LCO2 at a concentration of about 0.001 to 1.0 weight percent, and a first at least one co-solvent, and optionally a second at least one co-solvent that has a closed cup flash point greater than the first at least one co-solvent, in order to enable dissolution of the polymer in order to effect friction reduction.

Abstract: A composition and method required for providing a fracturing fluid pumped down a well bore and into a subterranean formation under conditions of pressure that will fracture the subterranean formation is described. More specifically, the composition increases the recovery of hydrocarbons from a geological formation penetrated by a well bore, wherein the composition includes a fracturing fluid that is liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) with proppant to aid transport of the proppant in suspension, and thereby create a fracture using a fracturing fluid which is the thickened composition containing fumed silica.

Abstract: A composition and method required for providing a fracturing fluid pumped down a well bore and into a subterranean formation under conditions of pressure that will fracture the subterranean formation is described. More specifically, the composition increases the recovery of hydrocarbons from a geological formation penetrated by a well bore, wherein the composition includes a fracturing fluid that is liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) with proppant to aid transport of the proppant in suspension, and thereby create a fracture using a fracturing fluid which is the thickened composition containing fumed silica. When the composition is without a proppant, the viscosity of the composition is increased in order to improve the fracturing operation through aspects such as increased fracture width and reduced fluid leak-off.

Abstract: The invention relates to poly(vinylalcohol)-co-poly(vinylamine) copolymers represented as formula (I), where B is greater than or equal to 1, L is independently of each other a chemical linking group which is —NH—, —N?, >N—, >N++<, —O— or —CO—, COPOLYMER is derived from a prepolymer of the formula (II) where R1 and R3 are independently H; 3-propionic acid or C1,-C6 alkyl ester thereof; or is 2-methyl-3-propionic acid or C1-C6 alkyl ester thereof, R2 and R4 are independently H or C1,-C6 alkyl, x+y+z is between about 3 and about 50 mole percent and q, n and m together make up the remainder of the mole percent, the indices x, y, z, n, m -and q independently may be 0, if q is not 0, b may also be 0.

Abstract: A class of unsaturated resins which are suitable for use in radiation curable coatings has been developed. The resins comprise N-vinyl-N-acyl oligomers made by reacting a secondary N-vinylamide with a polyisocyanate monomer which is reacted with at least one mono- or polyhydric alcohol to form a urethane linkage.

Abstract: A composite structure which comprises, in intimate jointed lamination, a substrate layer, and intermediate adhesion layer, and a tightly adhered polymeric film, the adhesion layer comprising an aqueous emulsion polymer containing a vinylamine homopolymer or copolymer, preferably polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylamine copolymer.

Abstract: Novel unsaturated compounds comprising the 3-(N-vinylformamido)propionates and 2-methyl-3-(N-vinylformamido)propionates are obtained by the Michael addition reaction of N-vinylformamide with an acrylic or methacrylic acid ester. These compounds are useful as monomers in free radical polymerizations, particularly as components of photocurable coatings.

Abstract: A process is provided whereby radiation curable compositions comprising N-vinylformamide and an oligomer selected from the group consisting of epoxy-acrylate resins, polyester acrylate resins, polyurethane acrylate resins, acrylic acrylate resins, silicone acrylate resins, unsaturated polyester resins, maleate ester resins, vinyl ether resins and mixtures thereof are applied to the surface of a substrate and subsequently exposed to a radiation source until an adherent dry polymerized film is formed on the substrate. These compositions are useful for a wide range of applications including pigmented and unpigmented coatings, printing inks, adhesives and the like.

Abstract: Improved radiation curable compositions are provided which comprises N-vinylformamide and an oligomer selected from the group consisting of epoxy-acrylate resins, polyester acrylate resins, polyurethane acrylate resins and mixtures thereof. A photoinitiator is also added to the composition. A process is also provided whereby the composition is applied to the surface of a substrate and subsequently exposed to a radiation source until an adherent dry polymerized film is formed on the substrate. These compositions are useful as pigmented and unpigmented coatings, printing inks, adhesives and the like.