Abstract: A method for protection from cyber attacks in a CAN (Controller Area Network), of a vehicle including the steps of selecting periodic messages having a transmission periodicity, grouping the periodic messages, and performing an analysis of messages of the nodes that exchange the received periodic messages, which includes obtaining times of arrival at the respective nodes of a set of periodic messages that have the same message identifier, computing average-offset values over successive subsets, of a given number of messages, accumulating the average-offset values for each identifier to obtain accumulated-offset values, identifying linear parameters by computing an angular coefficient, of a regression, and an intercept, or identification error, computing a correlation coefficient of the average offset of pairs of messages identified as coming from the same node, determining whether the correlation coefficient is higher than a first given threshold, determining whether the angular coefficient between two consec

Abstract: A method for protection from cyber attacks in a communication network of a vehicle comprising: the steps of building sets of dominant voltage measurements for each message identifier associated to a message that is passing; extracting statistical features; supplying the statistical features for each message identifier that are available at each instant at input to a neural network of a pattern-recognition type; carrying out an operation of classification, or pattern recognition, supplying a prediction of a membership class corresponding to a given node on the basis of the statistical features supplied at input; evaluating whether the prediction supplied by the neural network corresponds to a given node that allows as admissible message identifier the message identifier at input and, if it does not, signalling an anomaly for the message identifier; and evaluating whether a number of anomalies signalled for said message identifier exceeds a given threshold.

Abstract: A method for protection from cyber attacks in a vehicle communication network including the steps of executing a protection and monitoring procedure comprising: a learning step that includes: acquiring sets ({right arrow over (V)}IDk) of values of times of arrival (TSIDk) of messages (MSG) exchanged on the network, ordered according to a respective message identifier (IDk), computing one or more statistical parameters (?IDk, sIDk2) of the sets of arrival-time values (TSIDk), and subsequently obtaining statistical parameters ({right arrow over (?)}IDk) of confidence windows for one or more statistical parameters (?IDk, sIDk2) of the sets of arrival-time values (TS?IDk); and a subsequent classification and anomaly-detection step that includes: acquiring sets ({right arrow over (u)}IDk) of values of times of arrival (TS?IDk) at the device of messages (MSG?), computing corresponding one or more statistical parameters (??IDk,s?IDk2) of the sets of arrival-time values (TS?IDk) to obtain votes (V,W) of membership of

Abstract: A method for protection from cyber attacks in a CAN (Controller Area Network), of a vehicle including the steps of selecting periodic messages having a transmission periodicity, grouping the periodic messages, and performing an analysis of messages of the nodes that exchange the received periodic messages, which includes obtaining times of arrival at the respective nodes of a set of periodic messages that have the same message identifier, computing average-offset values over successive subsets, of a given number of messages, accumulating the average-offset values for each identifier to obtain accumulated-offset values, identifying linear parameters by computing an angular coefficient, of a regression, and an intercept, or identification error, computing a correlation coefficient of the average offset of pairs of messages identified as coming from the same node, determining whether the correlation coefficient is higher than a first given threshold, determining whether the angular coefficient between two consec

Abstract: A method for protection from cyber attacks in a communication network of a vehicle comprising: the steps of building sets of dominant voltage measurements for each message identifier associated to a message that is passing; extracting statistical features; supplying the statistical features for each message identifier that are available at each instant at input to a neural network of a pattern-recognition type; carrying out an operation of classification, or pattern recognition, supplying a prediction of a membership class corresponding to a given node on the basis of the statistical features supplied at input; evaluating whether the prediction supplied by the neural network corresponds to a given node that allows as admissible message identifier the message identifier at input and, if it does not, signalling an anomaly for the message identifier; and evaluating whether a number of anomalies signalled for said message identifier exceeds a given threshold.

Abstract: A method for protecting against cyber attacks in a communication network of a vehicle, including the steps of acquiring dominant voltage measurements; obtaining an electrical characteristic of nodes that transmit messages by acquiring consecutive groups of voltage measurements at receiving nodes and calculating a distribution thereof; calculating values of distribution statistics; calculating a cumulative voltage deviation for each value of statistic; and obtaining a voltage profile by adding the cumulative voltage deviations of each statistic, executing a malicious-node detection procedure and then executing a transmitting-node identification procedure including comparing the at least one characteristic parameter against all the corresponding characteristic parameters of all the messages, defining a range of variation of the characteristic parameter with respect to a given number of previous samples; and evaluating whether the value of the parameter falls within the range of variation of one of the messages

Abstract: A method for generating an audio signal representing the dynamic state of a land vehicle as a function of the value of at least one first parameter comprises the steps of receiving an input audio signal and dividing the input audio signal into a set of audio frames of given duration; selecting, an audio frame representing the input audio signal; subdividing the selected audio frame into a set of audio sub-frames; determining a probability of transition between orderly pairs of the audio sub-frames and synthesizing the audio signal representing the dynamic state of a land vehicle by generating a sequence of audio sub-frames; computing a centre frequency of the selected audio frame and carrying out a frequency shift of the centre frequency as a function of the centre frequency of the selected audio frame and of the value of at least one first parameter that indicates the dynamic state of the vehicle, thereby generating a frequency-shifted subsequent audio sub-frame.

Abstract: A method for generating an audio signal representing the dynamic state of a land vehicle as a function of the value of at least one first parameter comprises the steps of receiving an input audio signal and dividing the input audio signal into a set of audio frames of given duration; selecting, an audio frame representing the input audio signal; subdividing the selected audio frame into a set of audio sub-frames; determining a probability of transition between orderly pairs of the audio sub-frames and synthesizing the audio signal representing the dynamic state of a land vehicle by generating a sequence of audio sub-frames; computing a centre frequency of the selected audio frame and carrying out a frequency shift of the centre frequency as a function of the centre frequency of the selected audio frame and of the value of at least one first parameter that indicates the dynamic state of the vehicle, thereby generating a frequency-shifted subsequent audio sub-frame.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus for active control of the sound of the engine of a land vehicle, which comprises a device for detecting a fundamental frequency of the sound of the engine, and comprises a generator of signals representing sound waves that have spectral characteristics that depend upon the aforesaid fundamental frequency. The apparatus comprises a modulator, which includes a module that applies a modulation to said waveforms so as to control a value of roughness or fluctuation strength of an audio signal for driving an actuator, which generates an engine noise.

Abstract: A method for performing an active profiling of the sound emitted by a vehicle engine including the steps of injecting second acoustic waves (MW), which are able to combine with the first acoustic waves (EW) in a merge point in said primary propagation path and to generate third resulting acoustic waves (RW); and generating a driving signal for the diffuser by regulating the amplitude of harmonics of the driving signal (SP) as a function of reference acoustic waves and of a workpoint of the engine, calculating equalization coefficients (?1, . . . , ?M) to be applied to the amplitudes of said harmonics of the driving signal (SP) via a self-tuning procedure, and comparing the reference acoustic waves (TW) with a simulation (SRW) of the resulting waves. The simulation (SRW) is obtained by applying to a simulation of the second acoustic waves a model of the secondary propagation path.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus for active control of the sound of the engine of a land vehicle, which comprises a device for detecting a fundamental frequency of the sound of the engine, and comprises a generator of signals representing sound waves that have spectral characteristics that depend upon the aforesaid fundamental frequency. The apparatus comprises a modulator, which includes a module that applies a modulation to said waveforms so as to control a value of roughness or fluctuation strength of an audio signal for driving an actuator, which generates an engine noise.

Abstract: A method for recognizing the driving style of a driver of a land vehicle, of the type that envisages acquiring information on the dynamics of the vehicle from sensors and calculating, as a function of said information on the dynamics of the vehicle, a class of membership of the driving style of the driver. The method comprises the steps of analysing information on the dynamics of the vehicle to start a procedure of recognition of the event that comprises: reconstructing a manoeuvre performed by the driver; identifying the manoeuvre performed, by comparing said displacement time series with models of time series corresponding to pre-determined manoeuvres stored in a database; defining regions in a cartesian plane having as axes a lateral acceleration and a longitudinal acceleration, in particular manifolds; computing cost functionals for the three driving styles; and recognising the driving style, on the basis of said cost functionals.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the data traffic over a CAN bus of a CAN-type communication network of a motor vehicle. The network includes a plurality of nodes associated to said CAN bus in a signal-exchange relationship in order to detect data traffic with anomalies and generate an alert. The method includes the steps of carrying out at each node an intrusion-detection operation on messages received at said node and a corresponding vehicle-recovery operation. The intrusion-detection operation includes receiving CAN messages or groups of CAN messages transmitted to the node on the CAN bus, analysing the CAN messages or groups of CAN messages, and issuing an alert comprising a type of anomaly that has caused the alert. The vehicle-recovery operation includes implementing, on the basis of said type of anomaly, a corresponding intrusion-recovery action.

Abstract: A method for performing an active profiling of the sound emitted by a vehicle engine including the steps of injecting second acoustic waves (MW), which are able to combine with the first acoustic waves (EW) in a merge point in said primary propagation path and to generate third resulting acoustic waves (RW); and generating a driving signal for the diffuser by regulating the amplitude of harmonics of the driving signal (SP) as a function of reference acoustic waves and of a workpoint of the engine, calculating equalization coefficients (?1, . . . , ?M) to be applied to the amplitudes of said harmonics of the driving signal (SP) via a self-tuning procedure, and comparing the reference acoustic waves (TW) with a simulation (SRW) of the resulting waves. The simulation (SRW) is obtained by applying to a simulation of the second acoustic waves a model of the secondary propagation path.

Abstract: A method for the self-learning of the variation of a nominal functioning feature of a high pressure pump in an internal combustion engine, which pump feeds fuel to a common rail and is controlled by a solenoid valve depending on an objective pressure inside the common rail and by using the nominal functioning feature which provides a delivery of fuel; in cut-off conditions of the engine, the method includes determining the value of the pressure leaks due to blow-by in the common rail; measuring the real pressure of the fuel inside the common rail; actuating the high pressure pump by controlling the solenoid valve with a predetermined closing angle; measuring the real pressure of the fuel inside the common rail again; determining a pressure deviation between the real pressure and an expected pressure of the fuel, and correcting the nominal functioning feature according to this deviation.

Abstract: A method for the self-learning of the variation of a nominal functioning feature of a high pressure pump in an internal combustion engine, which pump feeds fuel to a common rail and is controlled by a solenoid valve depending on an objective pressure inside the common rail and by using the nominal functioning feature which provides a delivery of fuel; in cut-off conditions of the engine, the method includes determining the value of the pressure leaks due to blow-by in the common rail; measuring the real pressure of the fuel inside the common rail; actuating the high pressure pump by controlling the solenoid valve with a predetermined closing angle; measuring the real pressure of the fuel inside the common rail again; determining a pressure deviation between the real pressure and an expected pressure of the fuel, and correcting the nominal functioning feature according to this deviation.

Abstract: A control method of a road vehicle; the control method includes the steps of: detecting the position of an accelerator control which is displaced along a predetermined stroke; using the position of the accelerator control to control the generation of a torque generated by the engine of the road vehicle so that the torque is generated according to the position of the accelerator control; detecting the current driver's ability by means of a driving ability recognition device; and limiting the generation of torque according to the current driver's ability.