Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified pulp. The modified pulp according to the invention contains at least one substance a) selected from the group consisting of clays, at least one substance b) selected from the group consisting of monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds and at least one substance c) selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols. The invention also relates to the use of the pulp according to the invention for the production of pulp/plastic composite materials.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for generating a set of optimal rules and parameters for use by an evaluation engine on a volume of information extracted from a stream of IP packets associated with a web browsing session conducted over a network in order to filter user-initiated traffic flowing across the network from non-user-initiated traffic. Deep packet inspection is performed to extract the volume of information from the stream that conforms to at least one discrimination criteria. An initial iteration of application of the evaluation engine to the volume is performed by selecting initial discrimination criteria and rules for generating the filtered results and a distance between the filtered results and known actual user-initiated traffic is measured. Subsequent iterations of application of the evaluation engine to the volume are performed by changing the discrimination criteria and/or rules until there is no significant improvement in the measured distance.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for generating a set of optimal rules and parameters for use by an evaluation engine on a volume of information extracted from a stream of IP packets associated with a web browsing session conducted over a network in order to filter user-initiated traffic flowing across the network from non-user-initiated traffic. Deep packet inspection is performed to extract the volume of information from the stream that conforms to at least one discrimination criteria. An initial iteration of application of the evaluation engine to the volume is performed by selecting initial discrimination criteria and rules for generating the filtered results and a distance between the filtered results and known actual user-initiated traffic is measured. Subsequent iterations of application of the evaluation engine to the volume are performed by changing the discrimination criteria and/or rules until there is no significant improvement in the measured distance.

Abstract: A network intelligence solution (“NIS”) is arranged to access a stream of IP (Internet Protocol) packets associated with communications over a network between a network access device and a server. The NIS performs deep packet inspection (“DPI”) to extract a volume of information from the accessed stream that conforms to at least one discrimination criteria and further utilizes an evaluation model that applies rules to filter the volume of information to distinguish user-initiated traffic flowing across the network from non-user-initiated traffic. The filtered results are written to a database and may be analyzed to determine network usage and/or other network characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reducing the water vapor permeability of a sheet of paper, which comprises the step of coating the paper sheet with a film of 5-30 g/sq.m. of a coating medium consisting of a rosin sizing dispersion containing additives improving the film-forming properties of the coating medium, which additives include surfactants and waxes. It also deals with a paper so produced.

Abstract: A packaging machine useful for packaging fluidized dry, divided, solid material into containers such as valve bags is provided with an isolator section for isolating forces generated in the flow path of the material from a filling and weighing section. The flow path includes a filling spout that extends into the container through a valve formed therein and is sealed in the valve by an inflatable sleeve on the filling spout, the sleeve being so constructed that only that portion that enters the valve is permitted to expand.

Abstract: A force balancing system includes a plurality of flexure elements disposed to define the corners of an imaginary parallelogram, and each being fixed at one end and connected to a movable load bearing device at the other end so that forces acting through any one flexure element are in exact balance when the system is in equilibrium. The system finds application in weighing systems wherein the object to be weighed constitutes the load.

Abstract: Ignition control pulses as well as fuel injection control pulses can be obtained from a single signal generator structure by providing two generator units (28, 29) on the structure (1) which includes a rotating shield, vane or gate element (20) to generate by magnetic, for example Hall generator elements, or optical couplers, pulses (U28, U29). The vanes are so positioned, and the rotation thereof, at half engine speed, so arranged that the pulses (U28) generated by the first generator (28) extend over the pulse gaps or intervals of the pulses (U29) from the second pulse generator (29). At least one, and for example two vanes are foreshortened, so that the pulse generated by the first signal generator (28), upon passage of the foreshortened vane (23, 26) commences only when part of the pulse gaps of the second generator (29) has already elapsed.

Abstract: A safety device is included in a circuit comprising a power source and a user device. The power source has one terminal connected to ground, as does the user device, with the safety device connected in a conducting path leading to the ground in the user device. In the event of an incorrect polarity connection between the power source and user device, a current path through the safety device and to ground is established.

Abstract: To permit use of shaft position transducers which provide needle pulses at predetermined angular positions of the crankshaft of an engine, such as Wiegand-type, and still enable generation of a counted dwell time even under transient conditions, or under low-speed conditions, the output from the Wiegand transducer is connected to a logic circuit which, under normal operating conditions, by use of a counter counts a predetermined time interval after opening of a switch in series with the ignition coil to determine the dwell period or initiation of current flow for a subsequent ignition event by resetting the counter with a reverse polarity subsequent pulse, thereby passing, upon reset, a predetermined count state which, similar to the normal counting of the count state, initiates closing of the switch.

Abstract: Changes in the magnetic field around a Wiegand wire created by a magnetic rotor coupled to a shaft of the engine induce a signal in a sensing coil. The signal is applied to an input switch which forms part of a control circuit. The output of the control circuit is connected to an interrupter switch connected in series with an ignition coil such that a spark is created at the secondary of the ignition coil when the interrupter switch opens. The control circuit maintains the interrupter switch in the nonconductive state for a predetermined percentage of the ignition cycle at low engine speeds and for a lesser percentage at high engine speeds so that enough energy can build in the ignition coil prior to the next interruption at the higher speeds.

Abstract: A voltage divider across the interruptor switch contacts provides a measure of the high voltage produced before a spark occurs at the sparkplug. A Zener diode connected to the upper tap of the voltage divider breaks down when this voltage has risen a certain amount as the result of wear of the sparkplug electrodes that widen the gap. The Zener voltage breakdown causes a relay to lock in and to short-circuit a current-limiting resistor in the spark coil primary circuit that allows a higher voltage spark to be produced to assure proper firing of the sparkplugs with the wider gap. Another Zener diode is connected to the lower tap of the voltage divider to sound an alarm and to disable the ignition circuit when the high voltage at which sparks strike in the sparkplug rises to a value for which the insulation of the spark coil and its connection is not designed to withstand.

Abstract: To provide for gradual turn-off of an ignition coil current control transistor, a control capacitor which provides turn-off current has its charge state changed gradually by means of an auxiliary transistor so connected to the capacitor that the conduction of the emitter-collector path of the auxiliary transistor is gradually changed, the main switching transistor being connected to and controlled by the auxiliary transistor and likewise changing gradually from conductive to blocking state in dependence on the gradual change in conduction of the emitter-collector path of the auxiliary transistor to prevent rapid turn-off of the main switching transistor and hence an undesired pulse at the secondary of the ignition coil which may induce continued operation of the internal combustion engine even though the ignition has been turned off.

Abstract: To provide for gradual decay of current flow through the primary of an ignition coil, and hence suppression of spurious sparks at spark plugs, a main switching transistor has its conductivity controlled by the conductivity of the emitter-collector path of a control transistor, the base-emitter path of which forms part of a discharge circuit of a control capacitor, which discharge circuit has a sufficiently high resistance to provide for gradual discharge of the capacitor and hence gradual transition of the conductivity of the control transistor.

Abstract: A machine is disclosed to bag powdery material wherein primary and secondary preconditioning chambers are used, having a volume sufficient to give enough time for the powdery material to become de-aerated. This de-aerated powdery material is then supplied to a bulk filling station and a dribble filling station. Bags spouted at the bulk filling station are filled to about 90 percent of their normal capacity and are then moved laterally to the dribble filling station whereat the bags are rapidly filled to a weight close to the desired exact weight and by automatic speed changing means filled to exact weight at a slower rate. The bags are supported at the top by grippers at both filling stations with the calibrated weight scale being actuated by weight on the grippers at the dribble filling station. An auger at the bulk filling station forces the powdery material down into a generally closed bag to force the bag open by the incoming material to thus keep air out of the bag as much as possible.

Abstract: A bag machine is disclosed wherein bags are supplied from a bag holder such as a bag magazine to a multi-station bag filler whereat they are filled and are then supplied to a bag closer which closes and seals the filled bag. The multi-station bag filler is shown with four stations with bags being supplied to a bag pickup station therein from the bag closer. The bag filler includes a frame rotating on a base with gripper hands carried on arm means. The gripper hands grip face-to-face over the two top corners of a bag in the pickup station. A motor is provided to index the frame into the four different stations with a second station being a bag opening station whereat the gripper hands move toward each other and move upwardly to move the opened bag up onto an openable spout. A third station is a bag-filling station whereat material is delivered from a hopper via the spout to the opened bag. The fourth station is a bag-discharge station to the closer-sealer.

Abstract: The openable end of a collapsed bag is aligned in an alignment station on the base of the bag aligner machine. The bag is removed from a bag pickup station by a pick-off arm and moved to a preliminary position. At this point the bag is transferred to a bag holder which moves upwardly relative to the base to move the openable end of the bag into a bag-edge locator. This locator includes first and second alignment members which are interconnected in generally a V configuration and the bag openable edge is moved by a first motor into the open V end between the first and second alignment members to abut the closed V end under the urging of the first motor and additional urging of resilient means. This positively locates the edge of the bag so that it may be subsequently gripped, opened and then filled at a subsequent filling station.