Abstract: The disclosure relates to a carrier housing for an internal combustion engine having an engine block with a V arrangement of cylinders and having a charging group, designed for two-stage charging. The carrier housing is designed to bear at least a number of components of the charging group, and is designed to be arranged on an upper face of the engine block in an intermediate space of the V arrangement.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a carrier housing for an internal combustion engine having an engine block with a V arrangement of cylinders and having a charging group, designed for two-stage charging. The carrier housing is designed to bear at least a number of components of the charging group, and is designed to be arranged on an upper face of the engine block in an intermediate space of the V arrangement.

Abstract: An infrared camouflaging system comprises a thermorefractive layer system or a thermorefractive material, whose thermal emissivity has a negative temperature coefficient.

Abstract: An infrared camouflage device has a surface structure having two groups of partial areas. Partial areas in the first group are directed downward and form an angle &agr; of between 5° and 45° with vertical; and partial areas in the second group are directed upward and form an angle &bgr; of between 50° and 65° with vertical; and &agr;+&bgr;<90°.

Abstract: An element having an electrically adjustable thermal emissivity for infrared radiation has the following layer structure: forward IR-transparent substrate; function layer whose reflectivity for IR radiation can be changed by the embedding of hydrogen; anhydrous IR-absorptive proton conductor layer;hydrogen storage layer; and electrode layer. The surface whose emissivity is to be controlled, is covered with one or more elements according to the invention, which are electrically connected with one another and can be wired in the form of strings or arrays.

Abstract: A layer system with a controllable heat emission, includes an IR-transparent carrier substrate, a layer with a controllable IR-transmission, an ion-permeable, IR-reflecting electrode, a solid electrolyte, an ion storage layer, a back electrode. The ion-permeable, IR-reflecting electrode is structured in such a manner that it is provided with non-cohesive openings which are distributed homogeneously over the electrode surface and whose maximal flat dimension is smaller than 10 .mu.m.