Abstract: A method and a sensor (1) for oil-in-water measurement, in particular for the oil industry. In an electric measuring cell (7, 12) a capacitance is measured as a measure of an oil concentration in the water flowing through or in the accumulation filter (16, 16a, 16b). In order to reduce the maintenance requirement, the measuring cell (7, 12) is automatically calibrated at recurring time intervals with clean water (FIG. 1) and/or flushed with water, possibly oil-contaminated, in the back-flushing direction (FIG. 2). Advantages of the invention are reduced signal drift, improved long-term reliability and a long service life without monitoring or filter exchange.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention is the optimization of a capacitive liquid level sensor which is suitable, in particular, for determining the location of a boundary layer 12 between water 10 and oil 11 in a separator tank. The known sensor principle is based on measuring the environmentally dependent capacitance between neighboring electrodes 13, 4; 4, 5; 5, 6 of a rod-shaped probe 1. According to the invention, the probe 1 is designed such that large ionic double-layer capacitors occur on the electrodes 4, 5, 6, 13 in the more conductive medium 10, and small capacitors occur between electrodes 4, 5, 6, 13 in the insulating medium 11. For this purpose, the electrode height h is selected to be large, the ratio of the electrode height h to the electrode spacing a is preferably selected to be in the range of 1<h/a<6 and, in particular, the measuring frequency f is selected to be in the dielectric cut-off frequencies of the media 10, 11.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and a sensor (1) for oil-in-water measurement, in particular for the oil industry. In an electric measuring cell (7, 12) a capacitance is measured as a measure of an oil concentration in the water flowing through or in the accumulation filter (16, 16a, 16b). In order to reduce the maintenance requirement, the measuring cell (7, 12) is automatically calibrated at recurring time intervals with clean water (FIG. 1) and/or flushed with water, possibly oil-contaminated, in the back-flushing direction (FIG. 2). Advantages of the invention are, inter alia, reduced signal drift, improved long-term reliability and a long service life without monitoring or filter exchange.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention is a method and a device for capacitive liquid level measurement which are particularly suitable for determining liquid level between adhesive media 10, 11 of different conductivity. The known sensor principle is based on the fact that the environmentally dependent capacitance is measured between neighboring electrodes 13, 4; 4, 5; 5, 6 of a rod-shaped probe 1. According to the invention, the probe 1 has electrodes 4, 5, 6, 13 with covers 7 of different thicknesses d.sub.i. The effective thickness d.sub.s /.epsilon..sub.s of an insulating pollutant film 14 can then be determined by capacitance measurements between at least two pairs of electrodes 4, 5, 6, 13. The influence of a conductive pollutant film 14 on the capacitance signal can be eliminated by selection of at least one suitable measuring frequency.

Abstract: In a method and a device for measuring the concentration of particles present in a gas, in which a gas stream is guided past a UV light source, the particles are ionized and filtered out and the resulting ionic current is measured, the gas flow required is produced by thermal convection using an internal or external heat source. A suitable internal heat source in this context is, for example, the UV lamp (2) itself, which heats the gas via a radiation absorber (5). The elimination of a mechanical pump reduces the space requirement, power consumption and susceptibility to faults of the measuring arrangement.

Abstract: A connector (2) for an optical cable (1) having at least one glass fiber (4.1, 4.2) is characterized in that the plug contact is electrical and the signal transmission is optical. For this purpose, an electrical plug contact (5.1, 5.2) is provided for the at least one glass fiber (4.1, 4.2), as well as a first converter for converting an electrical signal into an optical signal and/or a second converter for converting an optical signal into an electrical signal. The at least one glass fiber (4.1, 4.2) of the optical cable (1) is connected directly to the the first and second converters, respectively. The first and second converters, respectively, are e.g. embodied by light-emitting diodes and photodiodes, respectively.

Abstract: A clamping device with a mechanical servo mechanism having an axially movable plunger (3) and a clamping sleeve (6) which surrounds the servo mechanism and which engages by an external thread (6a) in an internal thread (2a) of a stationary housing (2). A clamping member (7), one end of which is supported on the plunger (3), is axially slidable in and non-rotatably connected to the clamping sleeve (6). Furthermore, an abutment (9) connected to an operating lever (10) is rotatable to a limited extent in the clamping sleeve (6). Between the clamping member (7) and the abutment (9) are disposed several studs (11). The external thread (6a) is provided directly on the outer circumference of the clamping sleeve (6), concentrically to the region of the clamping member (7) and the studs (11). A compression spring (15) is supported at one end on the housing (2) and at the other end on the plunger (3, 4 ), and acts via the latter on the clamping member (7).

Abstract: The hot water heating installation comprises a hearth or combustion space for solid fuels and a heat exchanger arranged above the hearth. The heat exchanger is structured as a closed water jacket. A burner for liquid or gaseous fuels is arranged adjacent the water jacket which forms a combustion flame chamber or space for the neighboring burner. The combustion flame space communicates with a flue. Such a hot water heating installation permits the installation of an oil burner in the living area or space in operable connection with an open fireplace or stove or the like.

Abstract: The torque and/or power of a drive system in dynamic operation is ascertained by generating first signals which are at least proportional to the speed of the drive system, automatically differentiating the first signals to obtain second signals which are at least proportional to acceleration of the system, and automatically multiplying the first and second signals to generate third signals whose magnitude is at least proportional to the power and/or torque of the drive system.