Abstract: A separating piston for a vibration damping system with a cylinder which is filled partly with damping fluid and partly with pressure gas and with a separating piston which is arranged in the cylinder and divides the pressure gas space from the fluid space in a sealing manner via a seal. The separating piston is guided in the cylinder by a guide, wherein the separating piston is provided with an additional guide between the seal and the end side facing the pressure gas space. A chamber which is open relative to the inner wall of the cylinder is arranged in the area between the seal and the additional guide.

Abstract: A shock absorber with frequency-selective action, in particular for motor vehicles, can have a working cylinder filled with a damping fluid and divided into two working chambers by a piston which has throttle valves and is fastened to a piston rod. For optimal damping adjustment in vehicle-relevant frequency ranges, the working cylinder can preferably be provided with at least two hydraulic capacitances, one of which can be connected to the lower working chamber by way of a hydraulic inductance.

Abstract: An apparatus (24) for the simultaneous production of all the sheet layers, including pocket dividers, for blocks, as well as for the complete production of said blocks has a manufacturing or production means (25) for the pocket dividers folded along a fold line and glued along a line at angles thereto, in which the pocket dividers are simultaneously cohesively produced in multi-unit size form over the working width in the same way as the remaining sheet layers of the block, then the remaining multi-unit size partial layers of the block are supplied and finally are cut commonly into the individual units. This leads to a fully automatic production of blocks comprising pocket dividers without any intermediate storage of the pocket dividers and as each of the pocket dividers can be produced with only one single back layer, a considerable material saving is achieved.

Abstract: A tool for punching relatively thick paper stacks, comprises a cylindrical, hollow punch with a cutting edge on its front outer edge. Processing takes place in the manner of a punching operation against a bearing surface, which has a hole corresponding to tool with a counterpunch arranged centrally therein. A blade is arranged in the resulting annular gap in order to separate punching waste which has been pressed into said annular gap and in order to permit the removal thereof.