Abstract: A measuring sensor for measuring a fluid includes a longitudinally extending housing having first and second ends and having an inlet opening at the first end for the fluid to be measured, and a sensor chip provided in the housing. The sensor chip has a sensor element provided towards the inlet opening and at least one electrically conducting contact provided towards the second end of the housing. The electrically conducting contact is connected to the exterior by a metal jacket lead having an outer metal tube, at least one internal conductor, and a mineral material for electrically insulating the at least one conductor, the outer metal tubing connected in a fluid-tight manner to the second end of the housing.

Abstract: Measuring sensor to measure a gas, comprising: a housing having an inlet opening for the gas to be measured, a sensor chip located within said housing and having a sensor element at one end area of the sensor chip facing the inlet opening and an electrical connection connected electrically with the sensor element provided at another and, and with at least one contact trace which is electrically conducting, wherein the electrical connection is joined to the contact trace by laser welding.

Abstract: A measuring sensor for measuring a fluid includes a longitudinally extending housing having first and second ends and having an inlet opening at the first end for the fluid to be measured, and a sensor chip provided in the housing. The sensor chip has a sensor element provided towards the inlet opening and at least one electrically conducting contact provided towards the second end of the housing. The electrically conducting contact is connected to the exterior by a metal jacket lead having an outer metal tube, at least one internal conductor, and a mineral material for electrically insulating the at least one conductor, the outer metal tubing connected in a fluid-tight manner to the second end of the housing. In order to secure the sensor to an installation opening, a collar is welded to an outside of the housing at a selected position corresponding to a selected installation depth of the opening of the housing into the measuring opening.

Abstract: A housing (5) gas sensors, preferably lambda probes for detecting the content of pollution or oxygen or both in exhaust from, preferably, internal-combustion engines. A protective outer housing has electric connections at one end for a sensor mounted on a metal. A perforated protective cap accommodates the sensor and is intended for exposure to the gas being analyzed at the other end. A ceramic shape accommodates the connections and/or the metal and is accommodated in turn in the outer housing. The ceramic shape consists of at least two halves with a slot that is open along one side at the first end and with contacts resting flat against the base and walls of the slot with one side elevated above the open side. Each half also accommodates a depression extending all the way to the other end with the metal fitting into the depressions. At least the projecting areas of the contacts are in the vicinity of the depression. The connections are on the back of the contacts.

Abstract: A method for producing a tubular-shaped wire mesh which serves as cladding for catalytically coated cylindrical one-piece ceramics units used to decontaminate exhausts of internal combustion engines. These units function as catalysts and have a wire mesh wrapped along a circumference and around the surface of an arbor of the unit. The wrapping is such that the mesh is axially longer than the distance between two end faces of the units. The mesh has a section projecting axially beyond each end face of the unit. The wire mesh is secured to the surface of the arbor in an area which is directly adjacent to the projecting section. The projecting section is compressed into a bead to a predetermined axial extent.

Abstract: A muffler for combustion engine in which a housing is subdivided into at least two successive reflection chambers. An exhaust gas inlet pipe enters the first input reflection chamber, and intermediate channels are provided for communicating between the reflection chambers. An exhaust gas outlet pipe terminates in the last reflection chamber. A corrugated metal sheet is provided on the inner side of the housing, and cooperates with that inner side so that each corrugation of the metal sheet forms an intermediate channel with the inner side of the housing. The region of the opening of the exhaust gas inlet and outlet pipes is surrounded by a respective chamber housing. Each chamber housing forms a closed reflection chamber and abuts the inner side of the corrugated metal sheet to form a plurality of mutually separated guide channels.

Abstract: A muffler for combustion engines in which a housing is subdivided by means of bottoms into at least two successively arranged reflection chambers. Into the first inlet-side reflection chamber an exhaust entry pipe extends. An intermediate channel extends through at least one of inner bottoms from the first into at least one reflection chamber. An exhaust outlet pipe extends from the last reflection chamber out of the muffler, and has at least, in the region of the last reflection chamber, at least one inlet opening. The intermediate channel is arranged in the form of a plurality of intermediate channels which are flowed-through in one and the same direction, and each channel has a small cross-sectional area in relation to the cross-section of the exhaust inlet pipe.

Abstract: A time-keeping apparatus uses a crystal oscillator and electronic frequency dividers, as well as an electronically regulated mechanical time-keeping system (balance wheel system) which is part of an indicating system. The indicating system is driven at at least two different rpm's; at least one of these rpm's is effectively controlled to be higher and at least one of these rpm's can be controlled to be lower than a nominal rpm corresponding to the frequency of oscillation of the crystal oscillator, which may be of quartz. A storage circuit, in the form of a bistable multivibrator, has one input coupled to an output of a frequency divider which, in turn, is controlled by the output from the crystal oscillator. The other input to the storage circuit is provided with input pulses derived from the indicating system or from the electronically controlled mechanical time-keeping system, which have very nearly the same frequency as the pulses of the output of the frequency divider fed from the crystal oscillator.