Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring circuit for measuring the capacitance of a measuring capacitor which has a first and a second measuring electrode and which is coupled to a charging capacitor, wherein the frequency of the output signal of the measuring circuit is a measure of the capacitance of the capacitor, and the measuring circuit comprises a buffer amplifier with which the point between the charging resistor and the measuring capacitor is connected to the other components of the measuring circuit. The buffer amplifier changes the high impedance level of the combination of the measuring capacitor and the charging resistor to a level at which low-pass filters can usefully be applied. Buffer amplifiers are also available with an input capacitance and input resistance such that the buffer amplifier already functions in itself as a low-pass filter. An external filter is then not necessary because the filter is already present in the buffer amplifier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring an electrical property of fluid flowing through a pipe, comprising at least a first measuring electrode and a second measuring electrode placed in spatial contact with the pipe, wherein the first measuring electrode is received in a body placed inside the inner wall of the pipe, and the first measuring electrode is separated from the inner wall of the pipe by a gap, this gap extending over at least a part of the periphery of the inner wall of the pipe. As a result of these measures the distance between the measuring electrodes is greatly reduced, so that the measurement accuracy increases considerably. The measuring circuit is preferably adapted for repeated successive measurement of the resistance value and the capacitance of the fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring an electrical property of fluid flowing through a pipe, comprising at least a first measuring electrode and a second measuring electrode placed in spatial contact with the pipe, wherein the first measuring electrode is received in a body placed inside the inner wall of the pipe, and the first measuring electrode is separated from the inner wall of the pipe by a gap, this gap extending over at least a part of the periphery of the inner wall of the pipe. As a result of these measures the distance between the measuring electrodes is greatly reduced, so that the measurement accuracy increases considerably. The measuring circuit is preferably adapted for repeated successive measurement of the resistance value and the capacitance of the fluid.

Abstract: Measuring device for local measurement of an electrical property of the content of a container, comprising at least three electrodes disposed adjacently of each other in height direction and electrically insulated from each other, wherein each of the electrodes can be connected to an electrical measuring circuit for measuring, via one of the electrodes and one other electrode connected to an electrical earth, the electrical property of the content of the container in the vicinity of the electrodes, wherein the electrical measuring circuit is adapted to generate at least one electric measuring signal representing the measured electrical property, and a control unit for connecting the one electrode to the electrical measuring circuit and connecting the other electrode to an electrical earth.

Abstract: A loop powered level measurement and time of flight ranging system with power management. The level measurement system includes a controller, a transducer for distance ranging, a power supply, and a power management stage. The power management stage comprises a shunt current regulator and a circuit for charging a storage capacitor. The shunt current regulator shunts excess current from the current loop and the circuit charges the storage capacitor. The charging of the capacitor is monitored and stored energy is applied to the transducer to make a level measurement. During charging, the controller continues to operate a user interface and communication module.

Abstract: A loop powered level measurement and time of flight ranging system with power management. The level measurement system comprises a controller, a transducer for distance ranging, a power supply, and a power management stage. The power management stage comprises a shunt current regulator and a circuit for charging a storage capacitor. The shunt current regulator shunts excess current from the current loop and the circuit charges the storage capacitor. The charging of the capacitor is monitored and stored energy is applied to the transducer to make a level measurement. During charging, the controller continues to operate a user interface and communication module.

Abstract: This invention is directed generally to garment hangers of the type on which information clips may be locked, and, in particular, to garment hangers adapted to receive such a locking information clip so that its removal is prevented or strongly inhibited, and to the locking information clips themselves.According to aspects of the present invention the information clip not only resiliently engages a ledge adjacent the edge of the clip holder, but in addition is provided to discourage or prevent moving the clip side walls apart to disengage the clip from the ledge. In certain forms of the invention, further assurance of non-removability is provided by engaging edges of the clip with engagement elements on the clip holder, without interfering with use of conventional molding for producing the hanger. In other forms of the invention, other arrangements are provided to retain the clip on the hanger by strongly inhibiting lifting one or both side walls of the clip by use of fingers or finger nails.

Abstract: This invention is directed generally to garment hangers of the type on which information clips may be locked, and, in particular, to garment hangers adapted to receive such a locking information clip so that its removal is prevented or strongly inhibited, and to the locking information clips themselves.According to aspects of the present invention the information clip not only resiliently engages a ledge adjacent the edge of the clip holder, but in addition is provided to discourage or prevent moving the clip side walls apart to disengage the clip from the ledge. In certain forms of the invention, further assurance of non-removability is provided by engaging edges of the clip with engagement elements on the clip holder, without interfering with use of conventional molding for producing the hanger. In other forms of the invention, other arrangements are provided to retain the clip on the hanger by strongly inhibiting lifting one or both side walls of the clip by use of fingers or finger nails.