Abstract: This present disclosure provides reliable methods and apparatus for delivering a pharmaceutical active ingredient to an edible substrate. In some examples, the pharmaceutical active ingredient is delivered to voids that are formed in the edible substrate. The voids can then be closed as desired. The edible substrate can be configured as a food product or a dosage form as desired.

Abstract: Intramedullary rods, targeting devices, intramedullary rod systems, intramedullary rod kits, and methods of placing an intramedullary rod in a bone are described. An intramedullary rod comprises a head member having a first end, a second end, and a body extending between the first end of the head member and the second end of the head member. The head member is formed of a first material and defines a circumferential flange and a circumferential shoulder. The circumferential flange extends radially outwardly from the head member and the circumferential shoulder is disposed between the first end of the head member and the circumferential flange. A shaft member extends from the head member and a head extension is partially disposed over the head, member. The head extension is formed of a second material that is different than the first material and has an end contacting the circumferential shoulder of the head member.

Abstract: Intramedullary rods, targeting devices, intramedullary rod systems, intramedullary rod kits, and methods of placing an intramedullary rod in a bone are described. An intramedullary rod comprises a head member having a first end, a second end, and a body extending between the first end of the head member and the second end of the head member. The head member is formed of a first material and defines a circumferential flange and a circumferential shoulder. The circumferential flange extends radially outwardly from the head member and the circumferential shoulder is disposed between the first end of the head member and the circumferential flange. A shaft member extends from the head member and a head extension is partially disposed over the head, member. The head extension is formed of a second material that is different than the first material and has an end contacting the circumferential shoulder of the head member.

Abstract: A system for producing mechanical energy. In some embodiments, the system includes a first source providing a first fluid, a fluid pressurization device, a second source supplying a second fluid, a first motor, and a second motor. The fluid pressurization device draws in the first fluid from the first source and increases the pressure of the first fluid. The first motor is driven by the second fluid, the second fluid decreasing in pressure and the first motor powering the fluid pressurization device as the second fluid passes through the first motor. The second motor receives a mixture of the first fluid from the first motor and the second fluid from the fluid pressurization device, whereby the second motor produces the mechanical energy.

Abstract: A plug pulling device includes an elongated housing comprising a production tree connection interface, a shifting tool disposed within and along a substantial length the housing and comprising a distal end configured to couple to a tubing plug, and a seal disposed within the housing and formed around a portion of the shifting tool. The seal isolates a first portion of the housing from a second portion of the housing. The second portion of the housing is adjacent to the production tree connection interface. The shifting tool is configured to move partially in and out of the first portion of the housing when there is a pressure differential between the first portion of the housing and an environment external to the first portion of the housing.

Abstract: A system for producing mechanical energy. In some embodiments, the system includes a first source providing a first fluid, a fluid pressurization device, a second source supplying a second fluid, a first motor, and a second motor. The fluid pressurization device draws in the first fluid from the first source and increases the pressure of the first fluid. The first motor is driven by the second fluid, the second fluid decreasing in pressure and the first motor powering the fluid pressurization device as the second fluid passes through the first motor. The second motor receives a mixture of the first fluid from the first motor and the second fluid from the fluid pressurization device, whereby the second motor produces the mechanical energy.

Abstract: A system for producing mechanical energy. In some embodiments, the system includes a first source providing a first fluid, a fluid pressurization device, a second source supplying a second fluid, a first motor, and a second motor. The fluid pressurization device draws in the first fluid from the first source and increases the pressure of the first fluid. The first motor is driven by the second fluid, the second fluid decreasing in pressure and the first motor powering the fluid pressurization device as the second fluid passes through the first motor. The second motor receives a mixture of the first fluid from the first motor and the second fluid from the fluid pressurization device, whereby the second motor produces the mechanical energy.

Abstract: A system for producing mechanical energy. In some embodiments, the system includes a first source providing a first fluid, a fluid pressurization device, a second source supplying a second fluid, a first motor, and a second motor. The fluid pressurization device draws in the first fluid from the first source and increases the pressure of the first fluid. The first motor is driven by the second fluid, the second fluid decreasing in pressure and the first motor powering the fluid pressurization device as the second fluid passes through the first motor. The second motor receives a mixture of the first fluid from the first motor and the second fluid from the fluid pressurization device, whereby the second motor produces the mechanical energy.

Abstract: A two stroke compound engine has a pair of horizontally opposed piston cylinder assemblies extending along a common axis therein. Each piston cylinder assembly includes a piston, a combustion chamber and respective inlet and exhaust valves. A pair of connecting rods extending along the common axis connect the respective pistons to a crank extending from a rotary housing. The rotary housing is rotatably mounted within the engine and includes an output shaft extending co-axially therefrom. A fixed ring gear is mounted co-axially about the rotary housing along an axis extending perpendicularly to the common axis. A planetary gear mounted on the crank meshes with the ring gear for rotating the rotatable housing in response to reciprocation of the pistons. A pair of combustors are mounted on exhaust ports of the respective piston assemblies for further combusting exhaust from the combustion chambers by mixing exhaust with cooling air and additional fuel.

Abstract: Resonant tubes of a pulse combustor are immersed in a bed of solid particles in a reaction zone to provide indirect heat from the pulsating combustion gases to the solid particles of the bed. The bed is maintained in an agitated state by a gas or vapor flowing through the bed. Reactant materials are introduced into the agitated bed and undergo reaction at enhanced rates resulting from heat transfer coefficients at least about twice as high as those of steady flow combustors and an intense acoustic pressure level propagated from the pulsating combustor into the reaction zone. The apparatus is useful, for example, to steam reform heavy hydrocarbons and to gasify carbonaceous material, including biomass and black liquor to produce combustible gas at relatively low temperatures, with steam being utilized as the bed fluidizing medium. Black liquor gasification, utilizing sodium carbonate as bed solids, results in liquor energy and chemical content recovery without smelt production.

Abstract: Novel haloroalkyl polyphosphates are prepared by reacting at elevated temperatures a halosubstituted alkyl phosphate such as, for example, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and an unsubstituted trialkyl phosphate such as, for example, triethyl phosphate. The character of the mixture of the thermal condensates formed can be influenced by the ratio of reactants employed and the extent to which the reaction is allowed to proceed. The resulting reaction products possess superior flame retardant efficiency and impart durable flame resistance when incorporated into flexible urethane foams.

Abstract: The preferred embodiment of the invention disclosed herein relates to a feeding and mixing arrangement for generally fluent material including components having different specific gravities, for example, certain food products, and includes a supply hopper in which the material is adapted to be contained. The supply hopper has an open upper end and has both discharge and inlet openings in its base. The discharge opening communicates through a supply conduit with an associated device, for example, a container filling apparatus, to which the fluent material is to be delivered and the inlet opening communicates with the supply conduit through a return conduit connected to the supply conduit adjacent the container filling apparatus.