Abstract: A display apparatus in which a light-emitting device and a pixel lens are disposed in each pixel area is provided. An encapsulation structure can be disposed between the light-emitting device and the pixel lens of each pixel area. A lens passivation layer covering the pixel lenses and a lens dam surrounding the lens passivation layer can be disposed on the encapsulation structure. The lens dam can include a first region having a first width and a second region having a second width different from the first width. Thus, in the display apparatus, loss and deformation of the lens dam due to a process of forming the pixel lenses and/or the lens passivation layer can be prevented. Therefore, in the display apparatus, damage of the pixel lenses due to external impact and moisture can be effectively prevented.

Abstract: A display apparatus having a light-emitting device and a touch electrode is provided. An optical pattern may be disposed on the light-emitting device. A side of the optical pattern may be sloped. A surface of the optical pattern opposite to the light-emitting device may be covered by an intermediate insulating layer. The intermediate insulating layer may be harder than the optical pattern. The touch electrode may overlap the side of the optical pattern. Thus, in the display apparatus, the surface defect of the optical pattern in the forming process of the touch electrode may be prevented. Therefore, in the display apparatus, the frontal luminance and the image quality may be improved.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to the disclosure comprises a substrate including first region and eh second region, a display device for display an image in the first region, and a lens above the display device in the first region, wherein a center of the display device and a center of the lens are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A light emitting display device includes a substrate in which a display region and a non-display area are defined; a light emitting diode which is on the substrate and is provided in a pixel region within the display region; a protective film which is on the light emitting diode, and includes an edge portion an outer side surface of which is located in the non-display region and has an inclined step structure including a plurality of steps; a lens which is on the protective film and corresponds to the pixel region; a planarization film covering the lens; a first adhesive layer which is on the planarization film and located in the display region and the non-display region; and a cover window on the first adhesive layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate with a plurality of pixel areas. The display apparatus includes a light-emitting device formed in a pixel area for emitting light. An encapsulation unit is formed on the light-emitting device. The display apparatus includes a black matrix on the encapsulation unit, where an opening in the black matrix overlaps with the light-emitting device in a first direction. An upper surface of the control insulating layer is formed with a groove that is a recessed portion toward the substrate. An optical lens is disposed above the groove in the control insulating layer.

Abstract: A tunable laser based light source for Li-Fi communication comprising a laser (1), a first optical element (3), and a second optical element (4). The first optical element (3) is configured to reflect and/or refract a scanning beam (2) emitted from the laser (1). The second optical element (4) is configured to broaden the scanning beam (2) reflected/refracted by the first optical element (3). The scanning beam (2) is configured to scan a scanning area extending with a first scanning length in a broadening direction (SI) and a second scanning length in a scanning direction (S2). The second optical element (4) is configured to broaden the scanning beam (2) in the broadening direction (S1) to a width larger than the first scanning length, and the laser (1) and the first optical element (3) are configured to cooperate to enable the scanning beam (2) to be swept along the scanning direction (S2).

Abstract: A 3D display apparatus in which a display panel has a curvature is provided. A lower barrier layer, an upper barrier layer and lenticular lenses may be sequentially stacked on the display panel. The lower barrier layer and the upper barrier layer may include openings corresponding pixel areas of the display panel, respectively. Each opening of the lower barrier layer and each opening of the upper barrier layer may be disposed on an imaginary line passing through the corresponding pixel area of the display panel and a setting region. Thus, in the 3D display apparatus, the quality of the realized 3D image may be improved.

Abstract: A light field display device including: a display panel including a plurality of subpixels each emitting a light field; and a lenticular lens array on the display panel and including a plurality of lenticular lenses, wherein the plurality of lenticular lenses correspond to a plurality of subpixel groups each including the plurality of subpixels, and wherein a width of each of the plurality of subpixel groups is greater than a width of each of the plurality of lenticular lenses.

Abstract: A tunable laser based light source for Li-Fi communication comprising a laser (1), a first optical element (3), and a second optical element (4). The first optical element (3) is configured to reflect and/or refract a scanning beam (2) emitted from the laser (1). The second optical element (4) is configured to broaden the scanning beam (2) reflected/ refracted by the first optical element (3). The scanning beam (2) is configured to scan a scanning area extending with a first scanning length in a broadening direction (SI) and a second scanning length in a scanning direction (S2). The second optical element (4) is configured to broaden the scanning beam (2) in the broadening direction (S1) to a width larger than the first scanning length, and the laser (1) and the first optical element (3) are configured to cooperate to enable the scanning beam (2) to be swept along the scanning direction (S2).

Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) display apparatus can include lenticular lenses between a display panel and a viewing angle control film. The display panel can have a curvature. The viewing angle control film can include a plurality of light-blocking patterns between a first control substrate and a second control substrate. A pitch and a height of the plurality of light-blocking patterns can be determined by a curvature radius of the lenticular lenses, a distance between the viewing angle control film and a set viewing region, and a length of the display panel corresponding to the set viewing region. Thus, in the 3D display apparatus, the quality of 3D images provided to a user can be improved.

Abstract: A 3D display apparatus in which lenticular lenses are disposed on a display panel is provided. The display panel can include pixel regions arranged in a pen-tile shape. For example, the display panel can include a first column of pixel regions in which a first pixel region displaying a first color and a second pixel region displaying a second color are alternatively disposed in a first direction, and a second column of pixel regions in which a third pixel region displaying a third color is disposed, and the first column and the second column can be alternatively disposed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Each of the lenticular lenses can extend in an inclined direction. Thus, in the 3D display apparatus, the rate of color reproduction can be improved in a pen-tile shape.

Abstract: A light field display device including: a display panel including a plurality of subpixels each emitting a light field; and a lenticular lens array on the display panel and including a plurality of lenticular lenses, wherein the plurality of lenticular lenses correspond to a plurality of subpixel groups each including the plurality of subpixels, and wherein a width of each of the plurality of subpixel groups is greater than a width of each of the plurality of lenticular lenses.

Abstract: A display apparatus having a light-emitting device and a touch electrode is provided. An optical pattern may be disposed on the light-emitting device. A side of the optical pattern may be sloped. A surface of the optical pattern opposite to the light-emitting device may be covered by an intermediate insulating layer. The intermediate insulating layer may be harder than the optical pattern. The touch electrode may overlap the side of the optical pattern. Thus, in the display apparatus, the surface defect of the optical pattern in the forming process of the touch electrode may be prevented. Therefore, in the display apparatus, the frontal luminance and the image quality may be improved.

Abstract: A 3D display apparatus in which a display panel has a curvature is provided. A lower barrier layer, an upper barrier layer and lenticular lenses may be sequentially stacked on the display panel. The lower barrier layer and the upper barrier layer may include openings corresponding pixel areas of the display panel, respectively. Each opening of the lower barrier layer and each opening of the upper barrier layer may be disposed on an imaginary line passing through the corresponding pixel area of the display panel and a setting region. Thus, in the 3D display apparatus, the quality of the realized 3D image may be improved.

Abstract: A 3D display apparatus is provided. The 3D display apparatus can include lenticular lenses between a display panel and a viewing angle control film. The display panel can have a curvature. The viewing angle control film can include a plurality of light-blocking patterns between a first control substrate and a second control substrate. A pitch and a height of the plurality of light-blocking patterns can be determined by a curvature radius of the lenticular lenses, a distance between the viewing angle control film and a set viewing region, and a length of the display panel corresponding to the set viewing region. Thus, in the 3D display apparatus, the quality of 3D images provided to a user can be improved.

Abstract: A 3D display apparatus in which lenticular lenses are disposed on a display panel is provided. The display panel can include pixel regions arranged in a pen-tile shape. For example, the display panel can include a first column of pixel regions in which a first pixel region displaying a first color and a second pixel region displaying a second color are alternatively disposed in a first direction, and a second column of pixel regions in which a third pixel region displaying a third color is disposed, and the first column and the second column can be alternatively disposed in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Each of the lenticular lenses can extend in an inclined direction. Thus, in the 3D display apparatus, the rate of color reproduction can be improved in a pen-tile shape.

Abstract: A memory storage apparatus interworking with a database management system and a file system includes a flash translation layer (FTL) configured to guarantee atomicity of a transaction for the database management system by utilizing a copy-on-write (CoW) mechanism.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels; a data driver supplying a data signal to the plurality of pixels; a gate driver supplying a plurality of scan signals and a plurality of emission signals to the plurality of pixels, the gate driver including a plurality of stages, at least one of the plurality of stages having a first circuit block generating one of the plurality of scan signals and a second circuit block generating one of the plurality of emission signals using one of the plurality of scan signals; and a timing controller supplying a plurality of control signals to the data driver and the gate driver.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixels; a data driver supplying a data signal to the plurality of pixels; a gate driver supplying a plurality of scan signals and a plurality of emission signals to the plurality of pixels, the gate driver including a plurality of stages, at least one of the plurality of stages having a first circuit block generating one of the plurality of scan signals and a second circuit block generating one of the plurality of emission signals using one of the plurality of scan signals; and a timing controller supplying a plurality of control signals to the data driver and the gate driver.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for preventing performance degradation of a call service in a portable terminal are provided. In the apparatus, a memory stores a Preferred Roaming List (PRL) including information about a plurality of systems and an avoidance list including information about a system to which access has failed the predetermined number or more times, and when an access attempt to originate or terminate a call to or from a specific system acquired in a weak electrical field has failed a predetermined number or more times, a controller controls reacquisition of the specific system and attempting of call origination to or call termination from the reacquired specific system.