Abstract: Provided is an input device. The input device includes a piezoelectric vibration member; a frame disposed to contact at least one area of the piezoelectric vibration member; and a connection member disposed on one surface of the piezoelectric vibration member. The piezoelectric vibration member detects a pressure applied from the outside to generate a voltage and is vibrated in accordance with a signal applied from an external device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a touch screen apparatus including a frame, a touch screen panel provided inside the frame, and a piezoelectric vibration member provided between the frame and the touch screen panel, wherein the piezoelectric vibration member vibrates in a horizontal direction of the touch screen.

Abstract: Provided is a complex device including: a frame in which a predetermined space is provided; a vibration member provided in the frame and generating vibration; and a speaker provided in the frame and generating a sound.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric vibrating module including a case provided therein with a predetermined space, a piezoelectric vibrating member provided in the case, vibrating according to an applied voltage, and including a piezoelectric element; a weight member provided in the case and provided to be in contact with a portion of the piezoelectric vibrating member; and at least one fixing member provided in one region of the piezoelectric vibrating member to contact and fix the weight member.

Abstract: Provided are a complex device including a piezoelectric device, a wire patch cell (WPC) antenna disposed on one surface of the piezoelectric device, the WPC antenna being connected to two antenna patterns that are vertically spaced apart from each other, and a near field communication (NFC) antenna disposed outside the WPC antenna and an electronic device having the same.

Abstract: Provided are a sound amplification box and a sound amplification device. The sound amplification box includes a body including a predetermined resonance space therein and having a surface contacting an electronic device, a resonance hole formed in at least one surface of the body, and a vibration transmission part in a predetermined region of the surface contacting the electronic device.

Abstract: Provided are a complex device including a piezoelectric device, a wire patch cell (WPC) antenna disposed on one surface of the piezoelectric device, the WPC antenna being connected to two antenna patterns that are vertically spaced apart from each other, and a near field communication (NFC) antenna disposed outside the WPC antenna and an electronic device having the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel endonuclease enzyme which is secreted from immune cell and recognizes bacterial DNA as foreign agent and processes it to produce about 10 bp single-stranded oligonucleotide including CpG motif which is involved in immune response. Also, the present invention relates to a process for producing the endonuclease which comprises culturing human B-lymphoblastic IM9 cell line or TPA-treated myelogenous U937 cell line on an appropriate medium to produce the said endonuclease and isolating the said endonuclease from the cell lysate or the culture medium. In addition, the present invention relates to an immune adjuvant comprising about 10 bp single-stranded oligonucleotide having CpG motif produced by treatment of bacterial DNA by the endonuclease.

Abstract: A room agent apparatus for receiving multimedia data from a home server through wireless matching to reproduced the data by an A/V apparatus and a home network system using the same are disclosed. The home network system includes a home server for serving as a media server, a network server, and a home automation server to customer premise equipments comprising a personal computer, a controller, a media apparatus, and the like, and a room agent apparatus for transmitting and receiving data to and from the home server through wireless matching, for relaying the data between the customer premise equipments and the home server by being connected the respective customer premise equipments through wire or wireless communication, and for decoding the received data to output an audio/video signal reproduced by an audio/video apparatus.

Abstract: A home server for service convergence and energy-saving, and a method for controlling the same are disclosed to provide broadcast services, Internet services, game platform services, and a broadband network distribution function required by each home network. The home server includes a broadcast processor, a service, a network distribution, a power-supply unit for providing a power-supply signal to each module of the home server, and a power-supply controller. The power-supply controller controls on/off operations of the power-supply signal transmitted from the power-supply unit to each module of the home server according to services and operation states of the service processor and the network distribution unit.

Abstract: A method of forming a via using a dual damascene process can include removing a material from a recess in a low-k material using an ashing process while maintaining a protective spacer on an entire side wall of the recess to cover the low-k material in the recess.

Abstract: Methods of forming metal interconnect structures include forming a first electrically insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate and forming a second electrically insulating layer on the first electrically insulating layer. The second and first electrically insulating layers are selectively etched in sequence to define a contact hole therein. A first metal layer (e.g., tungsten) is deposited. This first metal layer extends on the second electrically insulating layer and into the contact hole. The first metal layer is then patterned to expose the second electrically insulating layer. The second electrically insulating layer is selectively etched for a sufficient duration to expose the first electrically insulating layer and expose a metal plug within the contact hole. This selective etching step is performed using the patterned first metal layer as an etching mask. A seam within the exposed metal plug is then filled with an electrically conductive filler material (e.g., CoWP).

Abstract: There are provided a home gateway system providing an optical communication packet data interface function and a home broadcast service providing method using the same. The home gateway system is constructed to include a network processor having two Ethernet interfaces connected to a system control processor of a home gateway and an Ethernet switch having an Ethernet multicast traffic processing/IGMP snooping function based on an Ethernet L2 multicast MAC table to thereby simultaneously provide a broadcast service such as a CATV broadcast service, and an Internet data service to a plurality of hosts in a home. In case of a broadcast service, the home gateway system converts a broadcast stream into an IP multicast packet and then processes the broadcast IP multicast packet by an L2 multicast function of an Ethernet switch, thereby making it possible to directly transmit the broadcast IP multicast packet to a host without the help of the control processor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a safety crampon with generality put on, which encircles front/rear/left/right sides of shoes around a spike pad to elastically press and grip them so that the crampon is not come off from the shoes, thereby ensuring safety. Also, the safety crampon has excellent wearing feeling and walking owing to characteristics of an elastic material, can be put on all kinds of shoes including mountain-climbing boots, high-heeled shoes, and rubber shoes, allows a user to safely climb a mountain and safely walk on a skiddy icy road of the ground, and has a conveniently portable advantage.

Abstract: Disclosed are efficient municipal wastewater treatment apparatus and process characterized in that the nitrogen is removed by nitrification and denitrification reaction in the cyclic aeration reactor wherein Anaerobic state, Anoxic state and Oxic state are change into time concept in a single reactor, and the untreated organic materials are further removed by the 24-hour-continuous reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel endonuclease enzyme which is secreted from immune cell and recognizes bacterial DNA as foreign agent and processes it to produce about 10 bp single-stranded oligonucleotide including CpG motif which is involved in immune response. Also, the present invention relates to a process for producing the endonuclease which comprises culturing human B-lymphoblastic IM9 cell line or TPA-treated myelogenous U937 cell line on an appropriate medium to produce the said endonuclease and isolating the said endonuclease from the cell lysate or the culture medium. In addition, the present invention relates to an immune adjuvant comprising about 10 bp single-stranded oligonucleotide having CpG motif produced by treatment of bacterial DNA by the endonuclease.