Abstract: Described herein are protective coatings for reverse osmosis membranes comprising coating mixtures of graphene oxide crosslinked with copolymers. The crosslinked GO copolymer mixture coatings provide protection from chlorine-based defoulers of saline water and unprocessed fluids. The coated membranes described herein create a reverse osmosis structure that has excellent water flux and salt rejection. The crosslinking copolymers can comprise an optionally substituted vinyl imidazole constituent unit and an optionally substituted acrylic amide constituent unit.

Abstract: Optionally substituted squarylium compounds, such as those depicted in Formula 1, may be useful in filters for display devices.

Abstract: Described herein are wavelength conversion films which utilize photostable organic chromophores. In some embodiments, wavelength conversion films and chromophores exhibit improved photostability. In some embodiments, a wavelength conversion film comprising luminescent compounds is useful for improving the solar harvesting efficiency of solar cells, solar panels, or photovoltaic devices. In some embodiments, a wavelength conversion film comprising multiple luminescent compounds is useful for greenhouse roofs. Some embodiments provide an improved solar light wavelength profile for improved plant nutrition and/or growth.

Abstract: Described herein are wavelength conversion films which utilize photostable organic chromophores. In some embodiments, wavelength conversion films and chromophores exhibit improved photostability. In some embodiments, a wavelength conversion film comprising luminescent compounds is useful for improving the solar harvesting efficiency of solar cells, solar panels, or photovoltaic devices. In some embodiments, a wavelength conversion film comprising multiple luminescent compounds is useful for greenhouse roofs. Some embodiments provide an improved solar light wavelength profile for improved plant nutrition and/or growth.

Abstract: A photorefractive composition and a photorefractive device comprising the composition are disclosed. The composition is configured to be photorefractive upon irradiation by a laser having a wavelength in the visible light spectrum and comprises a polymer, a non linear optical chromophore, a plasticizer, and an electrolyte. In an embodiment, the percentage of polymer recurring units that comprise a charge transport moiety is less than 30%. In an embodiment, the electrolyte comprises one or more of ammonium salts, heterocyclic ammonium salts, and phosphonium salts. In an embodiment, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate, polyurea, polyurethane, poly(meth)acrylate, polyester, polyimide, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the composition has a diffraction efficiency of about 25% or greater upon irradiation with a visible light laser.

Abstract: A photorefractive device (100) and methods of its manufacture are disclosed. The photorefractive device (100) comprises one or more transparent electrode layers (104), one or more sol-gel buffer layers (113), one or more polymer buffer layers (105), and a photorefractive layer (106). The one or more sol-gel buffer layer (113) is interposed between the one or more polymer buffer layer (105) and the one or more transparent electrode layer (104). When a bias voltage is applied to the device (100), the device (100) exhibits improvement in electric breakdown strength compared to a similar device without the one or more dielectric sol-gel buffer layers (113). The device (100) can operate at high bias levels with quick rising and decay times and shows higher grating performance under single nanosecond pulse recording conditions.

Abstract: Described herein are photo-patternable sol-gel precursors and their methods of preparation. The sol-gel precursors are thermally stable and form compositions that have high refractive indices and low optical loss values. The precursors can be used to make sol-gel compositions that are ideally suited toward optical waveguide applications in the realm of telecommunications wavelengths.

Abstract: A photorefractive device (100) and method of manufacture are disclosed. The device (100) comprises a layered structure, in which one or more chromophore-doped polymer layers (110) are interposed between a photorefractive material (106) and one or more electrode layers (104). The layered structure can also be interposed between a plurality of substrates (102). In some embodiments, the device (100) exhibits a decreased decay time when applying the biased voltage. Concurrently, the device (100) of the present disclosure utilizes approximately half the bias voltage, advantageously resulting in a longer device life time.

Abstract: A photorefractive device (100) and method of manufacture are disclosed. The device (100) comprises a layered structure in which one or more polymer layers (110) are interposed between a photorefractive material (106) and at least one transparent electrode layer (104). One or more electrolytes are dispersed into the one or more polymer layers (110). When a bias is applied to the device (100), the device (100) exhibits an increase in signal efficiency compared to a similar device without electrolyte. Both grating decay time and grating response time are greatly reduced by dispersing electrolytes into one or more polymer layers in the photorefractive device. The grating decay time can be adjusted by dispersing different kinds of the electrolytes and/or different concentration of the electrolytes, which can be fitted into all kinds of applications with different requirements for grating response and decay time.

Abstract: Described herein are photo-patternable sol-gel precursors and their methods of preparation. The sol-gel precursors are thermally stable and form compositions that have high refractive indices and low optical loss values. The precursors can be used to make sol-gel compositions that are ideally suited toward optical waveguide applications in the realm of telecommunications wavelengths.