Abstract: An electrodialysis module includes at least one base unit. The base unit includes a working tank, a first ion-exchange membrane, a second ion-exchange membrane, at least one first electrode, and at least two second electrodes. The first ion-exchange membrane and the second ion-exchange membrane are located in the working tank. The first ion-exchange membrane and the second ion-exchange membrane together divide the working tank into two electrode compartments and a desalination compartment therebetween. The at least one first electrode is disposed in the desalination compartment. The at least two second electrodes are disposed in each of the electrode compartments, respectively, in which the at least two second electrodes and the at least one first electrode have different polarities.

Abstract: An electrodialysis module includes at least one base unit. The base unit includes a working tank, a first ion-exchange membrane, a second ion-exchange membrane, at least one first electrode, and at least two second electrodes. The first ion-exchange membrane and the second ion-exchange membrane are located in the working tank. The first ion-exchange membrane and the second ion-exchange membrane together divide the working tank into two electrode compartments and a desalination compartment therebetween. The at least one first electrode is disposed in the desalination compartment. The at least two second electrodes are disposed in each of the electrode compartments, respectively, in which the at least two second electrodes and the at least one first electrode have different polarities.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for hydrolyzing an organic solid are described. The method includes mixing an organic solid and a nanobubble water having a plurality of nanobubbles, to form an organic liquid, in which the nanobubbles contain a combustible gas; and applying an ultrasonic wave on the organic liquid, such that the nanobubbles generate an additional cavitation effect. A preprocessor is applicable to an organic solid processing system having an anaerobic digestion tank, in which the anaerobic digestion tank has anaerobic microbes for generating a combustible gas. The preprocessor includes a nanobubble water generator, a digestion tank, and an ultrasonic wave generator. With the method and the structure, the nanobubbles are used to increase the probability of generation of the additional cavitation effect, and the combustible gas is used to improve an impact force of bursts produced by the cavitation effect.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for hydrolyzing an organic solid are described. The method includes mixing an organic solid and a nanobubble water having a plurality of nanobubbles, to form an organic liquid, in which the nanobubbles contain a combustible gas; and applying an ultrasonic wave on the organic liquid, such that the nanobubbles generate an additional cavitation effect. A preprocessor is applicable to an organic solid processing system having an anaerobic digestion tank, in which the anaerobic digestion tank has anaerobic microbes for generating a combustible gas. The preprocessor includes a nanobubble water generator, a digestion tank, and an ultrasonic wave generator. With the method and the structure, the nanobubbles are used to increase the probability of generation of the additional cavitation effect, and the combustible gas is used to improve an impact force of bursts produced by the cavitation effect.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for hydrolyzing an organic solid are described. The method includes mixing an organic solid and a nanobubble water having a plurality of nanobubbles, to form an organic liquid, in which the nanobubbles contain a combustible gas; and applying an ultrasonic wave on the organic liquid, such that the nanobubbles generate an additional cavitation effect. A preprocessor is applicable to an organic solid processing system having an anaerobic digestion tank, in which the anaerobic digestion tank has anaerobic microbes for generating a combustible gas. The preprocessor includes a nanobubble water generator, a digestion tank, and an ultrasonic wave generator. With the method and the structure, the nanobubbles are used to increase the probability of generation of the additional cavitation effect, and the combustible gas is used to improve an impact force of bursts produced by the cavitation effect.

Abstract: A system for treating ammonia-based wastewater is provided. The system includes a first reactor, including: denitrification bacteria for denitrification; a second reactor disposed on the back of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor includes an aerator and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, and has an HRT of less than 6 hours; a third reactor disposed on the back of the first reactor, wherein the third reactor contains nitrification bacteria carried on the carriers for improving nitrification; and a solid-liquid-separating reactor disposed on the back of the third for separating the solids and liquids in the effluent of the third reactor.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for hydrolyzing an organic solid are described. The method includes mixing an organic solid and a nanobubble water having a plurality of nanobubbles, to form an organic liquid, in which the nanobubbles contain a combustible gas; and applying an ultrasonic wave on the organic liquid, such that the nanobubbles generate an additional cavitation effect. A preprocessor is applicable to an organic solid processing system having an anaerobic digestion tank, in which the anaerobic digestion tank has anaerobic microbes for generating a combustible gas. The preprocessor includes a nanobubble water generator, a digestion tank, and an ultrasonic wave generator. With the method and the structure, the nanobubbles are used to increase the probability of generation of the additional cavitation effect, and the combustible gas is used to improve an impact force of bursts produced by the cavitation effect.

Abstract: A system for treating ammonia-based wastewater is provided. The system includes a first reactor, including: denitrification bacteria for denitrification; a second reactor disposed on the back of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor includes an aerator and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, and has an HRT of less than 6 hours; a third reactor disposed on the back of the first reactor, wherein the third reactor contains nitrification bacteria carried on the carriers for improving nitrification; and a solid-liquid-separating reactor disposed on the back of the third for separating the solids and liquids in the effluent of the third reactor.

Abstract: A membrane cleaning apparatus comprising two electrode plates and a filtration unit is provided, wherein the filtration unit is disposed between the electrode plates. The filtration unit comprises a supporting plate and a membrane, and the membrane is disposed on the support plate. This invention can effectively clean the fouling on the membrane by applying an electric field in the membrane region and performing a back flushing process on the membrane. Moreover, a membrane cleaning method is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a biological membrane filtration wastewater treatment system including a porous biological filtration bed zone and a membrane separation zone. The porous biological filtration bed zone has the dual function of providing biological treatment and higher filtration rates, wherein a fixed bed or moving bed is utilized so that the porous biological filtration bed zone has the advantages of high loading rates, high removal efficiencies, high stability and ease of operation. The membrane separation zone utilizes a membrane filtration module to filter an effluent from the porous biological filtration bed zone, so that solid particles therein are separated and remain in the system. Therefore, a high quality of effluent is obtained.

Abstract: The apparatus for reducing biological wasted sludge includes a sludge hydrolysis reactor, a sludge neutralization reactor and a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The method of the present invention includes subjecting a biological wasted sludge to hydrolysis and neutralization treatments to offer an intermediate feed suitable to be treated in the MBR. The hydrolyzed sludge and microorganisms are retained in the MBR, so that a further hydrolysis of sludge and decomposition of organics undergo to achieve the objectives of stabilization of sludge and reduction of sludge. Thanks to the filtration membrane of the MBR, specific microorganisms can be acclimated and accumulated in the MBR to decompose substrates in the sludge which are difficult to be decomposed, and an effluent of expected water quality can be meet.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a biological membrane filtration wastewater treatment system including a porous biological filtration bed zone and a membrane separation zone. The porous biological filtration bed zone has the dual function of providing biological treatment and higher filtration rates, wherein a fixed bed or moving bed is utilized so that the porous biological filtration bed zone has the advantages of high loading rates, high removal efficiencies, high stability and ease of operation. The membrane separation zone utilizes a membrane filtration module to filter an effluent from the porous biological filtration bed zone, so that solid particles therein are separated and remain in the system. Therefore, a high quality of effluent is obtained.

Abstract: A method of removing arsenic from water by using a reactor that is provided with a fluidized bed of carriers is disclosed. An arsenic-containing influent is mixed in the reactor with a sulfide aqueous solution or metallic salt aqueous solution at a predetermined pH, thereby resulting in formation of crystals of arsenic sulfides or arsenic acid metal salts. The arsenic contained in the influent is thus removed by crystallization. An effluent with a reduced arsenic content is discharged from the reactor. The carriers, on which the crystals are formed, are periodically removed from the reactor which is replenished with fresh carriers immediately after.

Abstract: Method of waste water/water treatment in a submerged membrane bioreactor is disclosed. The bioreactor includes a tank containing a mixed liquor having microorganism; porous carriers in the mixed liquors; and a filtration module immersed in the mixed liquor and having a permeate side into which fluid can flow only through the filtration module. The method includes introducing an influent into the tank; applying a negative pressure source to the permeate side so that liquid in the tank penetrates the filtration module into the permeate side and flows out from the tank; and aerating the mixed liquor in the tank so that the porous carriers keep contact with the filtration module, and thus reduce fouling of the filtration module.

Abstract: A method of wastewater/water treatment includes introducing an influent into a reactor so that a portion of contaminants in the influent is decomposed by microorganism in the reactor during a retention time of the influent in the reactor, and thus an effluent has a less amount of contaminants in comparison with the influent. The microorganism is grown fixedly on modified porous carriers in the reactor. The modified porous carrier contains a polymer foam and adsorbent particles entrapped in pores of the polymer foam, so that the modified foam not only has a large specific surface area, but also characteristics such as water affinity or an affinity to a certain type of contaminants. As a result, the efficiency of reducing contamination in the influent water is enhanced.

Abstract: The apparatus for reducing biological wasted sludge includes a sludge hydrolysis reactor, a sludge neutralization reactor and a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The method of the present invention includes subjecting a biological wasted sludge to hydrolysis and neutralization treatments to offer an intermediate feed suitable to be treated in the MBR. The hydrolyzed sludge and microorganisms are retained in the MBR, so that a further hydrolysis of sludge and decomposition of organics undergo to achieve the objectives of stabilization of sludge and reduction of sludge. Thanks to the filtration membrane of the MBR, specific microorganisms can be acclimated and accumulated in the MBR to decompose substrates in the sludge which are difficult to be decomposed, and an effluent of expected water quality can be meet.

Abstract: A method of removing arsenic from water by using a reactor that is provided with a fluidized bed of carriers is disclosed. An arsenic-containing influent is mixed in the reactor with a sulfide aqueous solution or metallic salt aqueous solution at a predetermined pH, thereby resulting in formation of crystals of arsenic sulfides or arsenic acid metal salts. The arsenic contained in the influent is thus removed by crystallization. An effluent with a reduced arsenic content is discharged from the reactor. The carriers, on which the crystals are formed, are periodically removed from the reactor which is replenished with fresh carriers immediately after.

Abstract: A submerged membrane bioreactor includes a tank containing a mixed liquor having microorganism; and a filtration module immersed in the mixed liquor and having a permeate side in fluid communication with the mixed liquor only through the filtration module. The filtration module includes a porous support having a first surface forming the permeate side and a second surface opposing to the first surface; and a non-woven fabric membrane covering the second surface and having a thickness of 0.1-2 mm and a pore size of 0.2-100 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A method of wastewater/water treatment includes introducing an influent into a reactor so that a portion of contaminants in the influent is decomposed by microorganism in the reactor during a retention time of the influent in the reactor, and thus an effluent has a less amount of contaminants in comparison with the influent. The microorganism is grown fixedly on modified porous carriers in the reactor. The modified porous carrier contains a polymer foam and adsorbent particles entrapped in pores of the polymer foam, so that the modified foam not only has a large specific surface area, but also characteristics such as water affinity or an affinity to a certain type of contaminants. As a result, the efficiency of reducing contamination in the influent water is enhanced.

Abstract: Method of waste water/water treatment in a submerged membrane bioreactor is disclosed. The bioreactor includes a tank containing a mixed liquor having microorganism; porous carriers in the mixed liquors; and a filtration module immersed in the mixed liquor and having a permeate side into which fluid can flow only through the filtration module. The method includes introducing an influent into the tank; applying a negative pressure source to the permeate side so that liquid in the tank penetrates the filtration module into the permeate side and flows out from the tank; and aerating the mixed liquor in the tank so that the porous carriers keep contact with the filtration module, and thus reduce fouling of the filtration module.