Abstract: A control device, a control method and system for controlling switching in/out of execution device in a system having plurality of execution devices in parallel, are disclosed. A group of execution devices perform predetermined operations on an execution object. The control device comprises feedback unit configured to provide the difference between reference quantity and feedback quantity; and at least one control unit corresponding to each execution device of the group of execution devices respectively, which is configured to provide a target value to a driver of a corresponding execution device using a control mode based on the difference, and when any of the other execution devices are switched in/out, provide a target value to the driver using another control mode. The driver drives the corresponding execution device based on the target value. The impact to the execution object may be suppressed and/or the adjustment time may be shortened.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for designing and measuring a cell-electrode impedance sensor to detect chemical and biological samples, including biological cells. The method of designing a cell-electrode impedance sensor comprises: determining a cell free cell-electrode impedance and a cell-covered cell-electrode impedance; obtaining a sensor sensitivity of the cell-electrode impedance measurement system; and choosing one or more design parameters of the cell-electrode impedance sensor to maximize the sensor sensitivity. When the frequency of AC signal between electrodes ranges from 10 kHz to 40 kHz, the sensitivity of the sensor is maximized.