Abstract: A method of identifying domain-to-domain link based on ASON (Automatically Switched Optical Network), including: storing, by a node in ASON, a route control ID of an abstract node each high layer network; obtaining, by the node, the route control ID of the abstract node in each network layer stored in an opposite terminal node with an exchanging method; comparing, by the node, the route control ID of the abstract node in each network layer stored locally with the route control ID of the abstract node in a corresponding network layer stored in the opposite terminal node respectively, and determining whether the link between the node and the opposite terminal node is a domain-to-domain link according to the comparing result. With the invention, the control domain of each layer in a hierarchical ASON can identify the domain-to-domain link between the nodes in the present layer.

Abstract: A method for establishing a path, comprising: changing a current activation address of a node; setting a new address chain transmission path; attaching a first tag for indicating the new address chain transmission path is the changed address transmission path and a second tag for indicating the original address chain transmission path to be replaced by the new address chain transmission path, in the new address chain transmission path respectively; and identifying a cross-link corresponding to the original address chain transmission path according to the second tag attached on the address chain transmission path when the node determines that the first tag is attached on the address chain transmission path, and mapping the cross-link to the new address chain transmission path. In the invention, loss of service signals during the switching from the original address chain transmission path to a new address chain transmission path for transmission is avoided.

Abstract: A method for implementing services on an ASON (automatic switched optical network) network element based on multiple IDs is disclosed, including: a network element setting an ID corresponding to a new service in local as an active ID; the network element advertising an ID information including the newly set active ID over the network by a routing protocol; each adjacent network element which is connected with the network element via a Traffic Engineering (TE) link acquiring the newly set active ID, setting the newly set active ID as its new opposite-end active ID of the TE link, and advertising over the network an link information which contains the new opposite-end active ID and its current active ID; when implementing the new service on the network, calculating paths based on the new active ID, and implementing the new service according to the calculation result.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display mainly includes a first substrate and a second substrate; a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy between the first and second substrates; and an array of first protrusions, second protrusions and third protrusions for setting the orientation of liquid crystal molecules inside pixels to a plurality of mutually different directions. The first protrusions are formed on pixel electrodes of the second substrate. Every two of the first protrusions are arranged substantially in a V-shaped pattern. The first and second protrusions are arranged alternately and in parallel to one another. The liquid crystal display of the present invention is provided with a plurality of first capacitor electrodes each in a K-shaped pattern and a plurality of second capacitor electrodes each in a V-shaped pattern wherein the first and second capacitor electrodes and the first protrusions are formed in spatially opposed relation to one another.

Abstract: A print medium conveying unit for conveying a print medium to a plurality of printing positions with a plurality of print heads disposed along a conveyance direction of the print medium includes rotary members provided over the print face of the print medium between print heads. The rotary members suppress displacement from the print face of the print medium.

Abstract: Adsorbent media are prepared by contacting support material with iron containing solutions, followed by drying to coat the support material with iron. Support materials such as sand and olivine are described. The adsorbent material can be used to remove metal contaminants and natural organic matter from water.