Abstract: A portable internal friction measuring instrument and internal friction measurement method, the portable internal friction measuring instrument comprising: a cavity (10), a sample fixture (20), a fixing plate (30), a heating plate (40), a thermal barrier cover (50), an excitation assembly (60), and a vibration sensor (70). The excitation assembly (60) comprises a rotatable vibration impeller (61), at least one protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the vibration impeller (61), the lower edge of a sample (80) can be intermittently toggled by means of the protrusion during the rotation of the vibration impeller (61), and the vibration amplitude of the sample (80) is determined by using an angle difference between emitted light and reflected light of the sample (80), such that the technical effects of mechanical toggling to excite the vibration of the sample (80) and non-contact measurement of the vibration of the sample (80) are achieved.