Abstract: In a calibrating method for a filter color measuring device that includes at least three color channels, a calibration matrix for transforming output signals of the color channels into tristimulus color values is formed. The calibration is performed spectrally, wherein the spectral sensitivities of the color channels of the color measuring device and the spectral emission properties of typical light sources are measured and stored, and the calibration matrix is calculated from the spectral sensitivities and the spectral emission properties of the light sources and the spectral evaluation functions of the standard observer, e.g., according to CIE 1931.

Abstract: A hand-held color measurement device is provided that includes a housing with an opto-measurement unit. The latter includes an optics array for receiving measurement light and a sensor array which is exposed to the measurement light, converts the measurement light into electrical measurement signals, and processes them to form digital measurement data. The measurement unit (M) consists of an aspherical input lens (L1), an aperture (B) for limiting the incident angular range, a depolarizing diffuser (D), a sensor lens (L2) and at least three sensors (S1, 52, S3) which are sensitized to different spectral ranges using color filters (F1, F2, F3). The aperture (B) lies substantially in the focal plane of the input lens (L1), and the diffuser (D) is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the aperture (B) and in the focal plane of the sensor lens (L2). The filters (F1, F2, F3) and the sensors (S1, S2, S3) are arranged close to the optical axis (A) and exposed to substantially parallel measurement light.

Abstract: In a calibrating method for a filter color measuring device that includes at least three color channels, a calibration matrix for transforming output signals of the color channels into tristimulus color values is formed. The calibration is performed spectrally, wherein the spectral sensitivities of the color channels of the color measuring device and the spectral emission properties of typical light sources are measured and stored, and the calibration matrix is calculated from the spectral sensitivities and the spectral emission properties of the light sources and the spectral evaluation functions of the standard observer, e.g., according to CIE 1931.

Abstract: A laser system comprising a laser for providing a laser beam, a non-linear optical crystal in the laser beam path creating a second order light, a laser beam expander in the beam path after the non-linear crystal, a dichromatic mirror in the beam path after the beam expander, an objective lens that focuses the laser beam on a sample and collects transmission from the sample before the sample transmission impacts the dichromatic mirror, a partial reflector of the second order light in the transmission path after the dichromatic mirror, and a coupler for coupling an optical component to the sample transmission.

Abstract: A hybrid Q-switch device for a laser device having a laser medium being pumped with energy includes a solid-state saturable absorber element for controlling loss modulation of the laser medium; an active Q-switch element having open and closed states for controlling loss modulation of the laser medium and positioned in series with the laser medium and the absorber element; and, a device for adjusting timing of the open and closed states of the active Q-switch element. The combined loss modulation control from active Q-switch and absorber elements enable generation of a short width, high peak power pulse at a lasing wavelength. Particularly, the loss modulation effects of active and passive Q-switch means are timed to minimize cavity loss at which time a high peak power pulse of small pulse width is generated.

Abstract: A laser system comprising a laser for providing a laser beam, a non-linear optical crystal in the laser beam path creating a second order light, a laser beam expander in the beam path after the non-linear crystal, a dichromatic mirror in the beam path after the beam expander, an objective lens that focuses the laser beam on a sample and collects transmission from the sample before the sample transmission impacts the dichromatic mirror, a partial reflector of the second order light in the transmission path after the dichromatic mirror, and a coupler for coupling an optical component to the sample transmission.