Abstract: The present specification discloses an immunomodulatory composition comprising lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles as an active ingredient. The lactobacillus may be Lactobacillus plantarum. The composition has the effects of inducing differentiation into M2-type macrophages and reducing expression of at least one member selected from the group consisting of CCR2, SOCS3 and HLA-DR?, which are M1-type macrophage differentiation markers.

Abstract: The present specification discloses an immunomodulatory composition comprising Lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles as an active ingredient. The Lactobacillus may be Lactobacillus plantarum. The composition has the effects of inducing differentiation into M2-type macrophages and reducing expression of at least one member selected from the group consisting of CCR2, SOCS3 and HLA-DR?, which are M1-type macrophage differentiation markers.

Abstract: A bracket for use in installing a sensor in a vehicle includes a main body portion having one or more screw holes formed therein, and slot portions for receiving and holding end portions of a back plate of the sensor. The slot portions are connected to end portions of the main body portion, and one or more screw holes formed in the main body correspond to one or more screw holes formed in the back plate. When the back plate is fitted into the slot portions, the slot portions restrict movement of the back plate therein.

Abstract: A vehicle speed sensor failure detection apparatus for an electronic control system having a vehicle speed sensor for generating a vehicle speed information signal indicating vehicle speed information includes a vehicle behavior detection portion, a brake sensor and a failure detection portion. If vehicle speed information generated from the vehicle speed sensor is less than or equal to a vehicle speed reference level stored in the failure detection portion, the vehicle behavior information signal generated during a predetermined period of time has a portion exceeding the behavior reference level stored in the failure detection portion and the brake is in the OFF state, the failure detection portion generates a failure signal.

Abstract: A vehicle speed sensor failure detection apparatus for an electronic control system having a vehicle speed sensor for generating a vehicle speed information signal indicating vehicle speed information includes a vehicle behavior detection portion, a brake sensor and a failure detection portion. If vehicle speed information generated from the vehicle speed sensor is less than or equal to a vehicle speed reference level stored in the failure detection portion, the vehicle behavior information signal generated during a predetermined period of time has a portion exceeding the behavior reference level stored in the failure detection portion and the brake is in the OFF state, the failure detection portion generates a failure signal.

Abstract: A bracket for use in installing a sensor in a vehicle includes a main body portion having one or more screw holes formed therein, and slot portions for receiving and holding end portions of a back plate of the sensor. The slot portions are connected to end portions of the main body portion, and one or more screw holes formed in the main body correspond to one or more screw holes formed in the back plate. When the back plate is fitted into the slot portions, the slot portions restrict movement of the back plate therein.

Abstract: An electronically-controlled suspension apparatus includes a stroke detecting unit for detecting a relative displacement of the vehicle body with respect to the wheel axle; a stroke response control unit for determining a control command adjusted valve; and an actuating unit which is operated according to the control command adjusted value, thus adjusting the extension or compression damping force of the damper. The stroke response control unit determines the control command adjusted value for increasing an extension or compression damping force of the damper when the relative displacement is equal to or greater than a first predetermined value, or is less than or equal to a second predetermined value.

Abstract: An electronically-controlled suspension apparatus includes a first sensing device for detecting a vertical acceleration of a vehicle body; a second sensing device for detecting vertical movements of a vehicle body relative to a wheel axle; and a controller for obtaining a vertical speed of the vehicle body by using the vertical acceleration detected by the first sensing device, obtaining a damper speed of a variable damper by using the vertical movements detected by the second sensing device, calculating a target damping force by using the vertical speed of the vehicle body and the damper speed, and determining a control command value by using the target damping force. The control command value is transmitted from the controller to the actuator of the variable damper to change damping force characteristics of the variable damper.

Abstract: A method for controlling damping force in an electronically-controlled suspension apparatus on the basis of a judgment reference value for judging a road surface during a vehicle driving time uses a comparison of the judgment reference value with a predetermined threshold value. And the road surface is judged according to a result of the comparison. Then, the damping force is controlled in response to the road surface judgment. The road surface judgment is maintained for a predetermined road surface judgment maintenance time.

Abstract: An ECU of an ECS apparatus has a determination block for determining whether the TPS signal rises to be greater than a first reference value and for determining whether the TPS signal declines to be less than a second reference value; and a damper control block, which adjusts a damping force of the front damper according to the determination result. The damper control block sets the front damper into a hard rebound mode when the determination block determines that the TPS signal rises to be greater than the first reference value, and then the damper control block sets the front damper into a hard compression mode when the determination block determines that the TPS signal declines to become less than the second reference value.

Abstract: An ECU of an ECS apparatus has a determination block for determining whether the TPS signal rises to be greater than a first reference value and for determining whether the TPS signal declines to be less than a second reference value; and a damper control block, which adjusts a damping force of the front damper according to the determination result. The damper control block sets the front damper into a hard rebound. mode when the determination block determines that the TPS signal rises to be greater than the first reference value, and then the damper control block sets the front damper into a hard compression mode when the determination block determines that the TPS signal declines to become less than the second reference value.