Abstract: A posture tracking apparatus and method are provided. The apparatus captures an eye image of a user. The apparatus calculates an eye posture based on the eye image. The apparatus captures a reflected image from the eye image. The apparatus calculates a head posture of the user based on the reflected image and the eye posture.

Abstract: Provided are a method for map creation and a host. The method includes: reading a digital environment model corresponding to a real-world scene; determining a movement path of a virtual tracking device within the digital environment model; determining a plurality of poses that realize the movement path within the digital environment model; rendering a plurality of viewpoint images based on the plurality of poses, wherein the plurality of poses respectively correspond to the plurality of viewpoint images, and each of the plurality of viewpoint images corresponds to a viewpoint from which the virtual tracking device captures the digital environment model when presenting the corresponding pose; and creating a spatial map corresponding to the real-world scene based on the plurality of viewpoint images.

Abstract: A map optimizing method, applicable to an electronic device storing distance values and a map, includes: identifying, from the map, a first map point with a first estimated coordinate and a second map point with a second estimated coordinate generated based on a first marker and a second marker, respectively; generating, according to the first and second estimated coordinates, virtual cameras controlled by a virtual pose and with optical axes intersected at first and second intersection coordinates separated from each other by one of the distance values, in which the virtual cameras provide virtual frames indicating that the first and second markers are observed at the first and second intersection coordinates, respectively; and performing a global bundle adjustment to optimize the map, including adjusting the first and second estimated coordinates to reduce a sum of re-projection errors calculated according to real keyframes and the virtual frames.

Abstract: A map optimizing method, applicable to an electronic device storing distance values and a map, includes: identifying, from the map, a first map point with a first estimated coordinate and a second map point with a second estimated coordinate generated based on a first marker and a second marker, respectively; generating, according to the first and second estimated coordinates, virtual cameras controlled by a virtual pose and with optical axes intersected at first and second intersection coordinates separated from each other by one of the distance values, in which the virtual cameras provide virtual frames indicating that the first and second markers are observed at the first and second intersection coordinates, respectively; and performing a global bundle adjustment to optimize the map, including adjusting the first and second estimated coordinates to reduce a sum of re-projection errors calculated according to real keyframes and the virtual frames.

Abstract: The invention provides genetic approaches to inhibit or treat pain which employ mutant ? opioid receptors.

Abstract: The invention provides genetic approaches to inhibit or treat pain which employ mutant &mgr; opioid receptors.