Abstract: A process for assaying a biological sample includes: receiving a reference sample by an acoustic article including: a resonator including: a substrate; a piezoelectric member; and a phase noise detector; disposing the reference sample on the piezoelectric member; producing a reference phase noise signal; detecting the reference phase noise signal; disposing a biological sample on the piezoelectric member; producing a first biological phase noise signal; detecting the first biological phase noise signal; contacting the biological sample disposed on the piezoelectric member with an antimicrobial agent; producing a second biological phase noise signal; detecting the second biological phase noise signal; and analyzing the first biological phase noise signal, the second biological phase noise signal, and the reference phase noise signal to assay the biological sample.

Abstract: A process for assaying a biological sample includes: receiving a reference sample by an acoustic article including: a resonator including: a substrate; a piezoelectric member; and a phase noise detector; disposing the reference sample on the piezoelectric member; producing a reference phase noise signal; detecting the reference phase noise signal; disposing a biological sample on the piezoelectric member; producing a first biological phase noise signal; detecting the first biological phase noise signal; contacting the biological sample disposed on the piezoelectric member with an antimicrobial agent; producing a second biological phase noise signal; detecting the second biological phase noise signal; and analyzing the first biological phase noise signal, the second biological phase noise signal, and the reference phase noise signal to assay the biological sample.

Abstract: An electromagnetic acoustic transducer for inducing and sensing vibrations in a cylindrical object and methods of using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to determine resonant frequencies and physical properties of cylindrical objects. The electromagnetic acoustic transducers produce specific modes of vibration in cylindrical objects including axial shear vibrations, torsional vibrations, radial vibrations and plane strain vibrations. The methods of determining physical properties of a cylindrical objects include comparing sensed resonant frequencies of the cylindrical object to known relationships between resonant frequency and the physical properties of interest. The methods can be used to determine the temperature, dimensions, elastic constants, and damping coefficients of cylindrical objects, the magnitude of a load applied to a cylindrical object, or the texture or grain orientation of the material forming a cylindrical object.

Abstract: An electromagnetic acoustic transducer for inducing and sensing vibrations n a cylindrical object and methods of using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to determine resonant frequencies and physical properties of cylindrical objects. The electromagnetic acoustic transducers produce specific modes of vibration in cylindrical objects including axial shear vibrations. The electromagnetic acoustic transducers are used to determine the temperature, dimensions, elastic constants, and damping coefficients of cylindrical objects, the magnitude of a load applied to a cylindrical object, or the texture or grain orientation of the material forming a cylindrical object.

Abstract: An electromagnetic acoustic transducer for inducing and sensing vibrations in a cylindrical object and methods of using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to determine resonant frequencies and physical properties of cylindrical objects. The electromagnetic acoustic transducers produce specific modes of vibration in cylindrical objects including axial shear vibrations, torsional vibrations, radial vibrations and plane strain vibrations. The methods of determining physical properties of a cylindrical objects include comparing sensed resonant frequencies of the cylindrical object to known relationships between resonant frequency and the physical properties of interest. The methods can be used to determine the temperature, dimensions, elastic constants, and damping coefficients of cylindrical objects, the magnitude of a load applied to a cylindrical object, or the texture or grain orientation of the material forming a cylindrical object.

Abstract: A force sensor including a cylindrical body having a central section and two distal sections wherein selected acoustic resonant modes are trapped in the central section and decays exponentially in the distal sections. An electromechanical acoustic transducer (EMAT) can be used to excite and detect the selected resonant modes in the central section. Force applied to the distal sections, including axial stress and torque, alter the resonant frequencies of the selected modes.