Abstract: This invention relates to semiconductor apparatus capable of multiple stable electronic states allowing higher order mathematical radix analysis of analog and digital signals. The device accomplishes direct A/D signal conversion with increased circuit speed while decreasing electronic component density compared to computational circuits based on binary conversion. In particular the invention relates to semiconductor apparatus and devices for analog-to-digital conversion and waveform differentiation or integration of electronic signals by use of higher order number systems. In addition the invention relates to novel construction of charge-coupled devices finding applications especially with respect to detection and manipulation of electronic signals for A/D conversion, mathematical differentiation, integration, and encryption of electronic waveform signals.