Abstract: Provided herein is a method, apparatus, and system a motor-assisted stationary rehabilitation cycle employing a closed-loop control scheme. Methods may include: determining a desired set point rotational speed of a pair of pedals connected to a crankshaft; determining an upper bound and a lower bound about the desired set point rotational speed; determining a crankshaft rotational speed; increasing torque using a motor connected, at least indirectly, to the crankshaft in a first rotational direction, resisting rotation of the crankshaft in response to the rotational speed of the crankshaft approaching the upper bound; and increasing torque using the motor in a second rotational direction, opposite the first rotational direction in response to the rotational speed of the crankshaft approaching the lower bound.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method, apparatus, and system for teleoperated, functional electric stimulation actuated rehabilitative cycling. Methods may include: receiving, at a master system, rotational input generating master system sensor input having a master system cadence; providing the master system sensor input including the master system cadence to a controller based on the rotational input from a rehabilitation participant or a remote therapist received at the master system; receiving, at a slave system, rotational input from the rehabilitation participant generating slave sensor input having a slave system cadence; providing the slave system sensor input including the slave system cadence to the controller based on the rotational input from the participant received at the slave system; and providing, from the controller, feedback through the master system in response to a difference between the master system cadence and the slave system cadence.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method, apparatus, and system a motor-assisted stationary rehabilitation cycle employing a closed-loop control scheme. Methods may include: determining a desired set point rotational speed of a pair of pedals connected to a crankshaft; determining an upper bound and a lower bound about the desired set point rotational speed; determining a crankshaft rotational speed; increasing torque using a motor connected, at least indirectly, to the crankshaft in a first rotational direction, resisting rotation of the crankshaft in response to the rotational speed of the crankshaft approaching the upper bound; and increasing torque using the motor in a second rotational direction, opposite the first rotational direction in response to the rotational speed of the crankshaft approaching the lower bound.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method, apparatus, and system for teleoperated, functional electric stimulation actuated rehabilitative cycling. Methods may include: receiving, at a master system, rotational input generating master system sensor input having a master system cadence; providing the master system sensor input including the master system cadence to a controller based on the rotational input from a rehabilitation participant or a remote therapist received at the master system; receiving, at a slave system, rotational input from the rehabilitation participant generating slave sensor input having a slave system cadence; providing the slave system sensor input including the slave system cadence to the controller based on the rotational input from the participant received at the slave system; and providing, from the controller, feedback through the master system in response to a difference between the master system cadence and the slave system cadence.

Abstract: To protect an airway of a patient, it is important for the patient to be able to swallow and cough effectively. To promote an effective cough or swallow, electrodes are positioned upon skin of the neck of the patient, the electrodes configured for both capturing electromyographic (EMG) information, and for transmitting a stimulating electrical signal to the body. A microphone is positioned upon or near the neck to capture audio information emanating from the body of the patient. Software analyzes the EMG and audio information to identify an attempted or needed cough or swallow, and causes the electrodes to apply an electrical stimulus to the neck of the patient to produce a more efficacious cough or swallow. An additional microphone can be positioned to capture ambient noise, so that such noise can be reduced in the audio information of the first microphone.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for estimating pose includes generating hypotheses for a pose component under consideration, identifying a mode of a probability mass function associated with the hypotheses, extracting low-noise hypotheses, and averaging the low-noise hypotheses to obtain a pose component estimate.

Abstract: To protect an airway of a patient, it is important for the patient to be able to swallow and cough effectively. To promote an effective cough or swallow, electrodes are positioned upon skin of the neck of the patient, the electrodes configured for both capturing electromyographic (EMG) information, and for transmitting a stimulating electrical signal to the body. A microphone is positioned upon or near the neck to capture audio information emanating from the body of the patient. Software analyzes the EMG and audio information to identify an attempted or needed cough or swallow, and causes the electrodes to apply an electrical stimulus to the neck of the patient to produce a more efficacious cough or swallow. An additional microphone can be positioned to capture ambient noise, so that such noise can be reduced in the audio information of the first microphone.

Abstract: An airway of a patient is protected from intrusion of contaminants by monitoring muscles of the patient to detect an attempted cough or swallow, and applying an electrical stimulus to the neck of the patient, varying amplitude and/or frequency over time, the applied electrical stimulus operates to promote an efficacious cough or swallow. The electrical stimulus induces a voltage within a range of greater than zero volts and less than 20 volts, and the frequency have patterned changes between at least about 4 Hz to not more than about 30 Hz. The monitoring is carried out by an electronic device, and the patient may indicate to the electronic device that a swallow or cough is impending.

Abstract: An airway of a patient is protected from intrusion of contaminants by monitoring muscles of the patient to detect an attempted cough or swallow, and applying an electrical stimulus to the neck of the patient, varying amplitude and/or frequency over time, the applied electrical stimulus operates to promote an efficacious cough or swallow. The electrical stimulus induces a voltage within a range of greater than zero volts and less than 20 volts, and the frequency have patterned changes between at least about 4 Hz to not more than about 30 Hz. The monitoring is carried out by an electronic device, and the patient may indicate to the electronic device that a swallow or cough is impending.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for estimating pose includes generating hypotheses for a pose component under consideration, identifying a mode of a probability mass function associated with the hypotheses, extracting low-noise hypotheses, and averaging the low-noise hypotheses to obtain a pose component estimate.

Abstract: A system for passively determining a speed of moving vehicles includes a single imaging device (103) for acquiring a plurality of images at a first time and at least at one second later time, wherein each image includes a moving vehicle (406) on a vehicle pathway (402) and at least one fixed object (404) proximate to the vehicle, defining a first plane (?1) intersecting an adjacent portion of the vehicle pathway (402), wherein no geometric lengths of the vehicle (406) are known a priori. The system can also include a processor (121) operable to receive data associated with the images and determine a speed of the vehicle (406) in the images, wherein the processor (121) estimates at least one geometric length of the vehicle (406) by applying homography using the plurality of images, and where the processor (121) determines a speed of the vehicle (406) from the plurality of images and the estimated geometric length using a velocity estimation method.

Abstract: A system for passively determining a speed of moving vehicles includes a single imaging device (103) for acquiring a plurality of images at a first time and at least at one second later time, wherein each image includes a moving vehicle (406) on a vehicle pathway (402) and at least one fixed object (404) proximate to the vehicle, defining a first plane (?1) intersecting an adjacent portion of the vehicle pathway (402), wherein no geometric lengths of the vehicle (406) are known a priori. The system can also include a processor (121) operable to receive data associated with the images and determine a speed of the vehicle (406) in the images, wherein the processor (121) estimates at least one geometric length of the vehicle (406) by applying homography using the plurality of images, and where the processor (121) determines a speed of the vehicle (406) from the plurality of images and the estimated geometric length using a velocity estimation method.