Abstract: A lens shield system for shielding a laser source of a system used for collecting capillary blood or fluid from skin, the lens shield comprising a strap apparatus releasably emplaceable around a member of a living being, the member having skin thereon and blood therein, and a lens shield member connected to the strap and disposed for receiving and for transmission therethrough of a laser beam from the laser source directed at the skin. A removable lens shield for shielding a laser source of a collection system used for perforating skin and collecting blood or fluid therein or therebeneath, the collection system in a housing, the lens shield comprising a body sized and configured for removable emplacement in the housing of the collection system between the laser source and the skin, and a window in the body through which the laser beam is transmissible prior to contacting the skin. A method for collecting fluid from a living being has been invented which uses the devices mentioned above.

Abstract: A new laser perforator has been invented for perforating skin with a perforation to permit blood under a surface of the skin to flow out, the perforator in one embodiment having a laser light source for producing an output laser beam, and a mode distribution apparatus for intercepting the output laser beam to control distribution of laser energy of the output laser beam across the perforation of the skin. A laser perforator is disclosed for perforating skin with a perforation to permit blood under a surface of the skin to flow out, the perforator in one embodiment having a laser light source for producing an output laser beam having an energy level between about 0.1 to about 2.0 Joules, the perforation ranging in diameter between about 0.1 to about 2.0 millimeters, in depth between about 0.5 to about 4.0 millimeters, and ranging in width between about 0.05 to about 0.2 millimeters. A method is also disclosed for perforating skin for blood sampling.

Abstract: A laser perforator is disclosed for perforating skin with a perforation to permit blood under a surface of the skin to flow out, the perforator in one embodiment having a laser light source for producing an output laser beam, and a mode distribution means for intercepting the output laser beam to control distribution of laser energy of the output laser beam across the perforation of the skin. A laser perforator is disclosed for perforating skin with a perforation to permit blood under a surface of the skin to flow out, the perforator in one embodiment having a laser light source for producing an output laser beam having an energy level between about 0.1 to about 2.

Abstract: A cathodic protection system for protecting a metallic structure (16,74) from corrosion caused by current flowing between the structure and surrounding environment includes a non-ionized metal anode (18) which exists in a liquid state at the particular pressure and temperature at its location in a hole (20) in the earth. The liquid anode (18) is composed of a metal having a specific gravity greater than 10 and a molecular weight greater than, or equal to, 100. In a preferred embodiment, it is mercury. The amount of liquid anode can be adjusted to regulate the density of electrical current emanating from the anode and the hole in which the anode is located includes a measuring system (46) for monitoring the quantity of liquid anode (18) in the earth hole.

Abstract: A cathodic protection system for protecting a metallic structure (16, 74) from corrosion caused by current flowing between the structure and surrounding environment includes a non-ionized metal anode (18) which exists in a liquid state at the particular pressure and temperature at its location in a hole (20) in the earth. The liquid anode (18) is composed of a metal having a specific gravity greater than 10 and a molecular weight greater than, or equal to, 100. In a preferred embodiment, it is mercury. The amount of liquid anode can be adjusted to regulate the density of electrical current emanating from the anode and the hole in which the anode is located includes a measuring system (46) for monitoring the quantity of liquid anode (18) in the earth hole.