Abstract: An on-line calibration system for calibrating chemical monitors which monitor a selected chemical characteristics of a fluid sample stream, including a conditioning system for conditioning an influent fluid sample stream to produce a conditioned fluid sample stream having a predetermined level of the selected chemical characteristic. By exposing a sensor of the monitor to the conditioned fluid sample stream and calibrating the response of the sensor with respect to the predetermined level of the selected chemical characteristic in the conditioned fluid sample stream, this calibration system eliminates the effects on the response of the sensor of any ionic species in the fluid sample stream which do not affect the chemical characteristic being monitored.

Abstract: A method for monitoring air inleakage and oxygen content in a steam system, including the steps of: monitoring air flowing in the exhaust of a condenser; determining the total gas flow rate and oxygen content thereof; injecting a pulse of oxygen into the exhaust and measuring the transit time to the monitoring location; determining actual air inleakage rates, independent of or along with the oxygen content thereof; comparing the actual air inleakage and oxygen rates with predetermined rates; and, if the actual rates are increasing relative to the predetermined rates, isolating and eliminating the air inleakage and introducing more oxygen scavenger or, if the actual rates are decreasing relative to the predetermined rates, introducing less oxygen scavenger.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for collecting and concentrating trace ions from a pressurized aqueous sample in a sample line. A three-way valve is connected to the sample line which in one position can divert the sample into a syringe and in another position can close off the sample line and permit the sample to flow from the syringe through the three-way valve into a concentrator column. In an alternative apparatus, the sample line is connected to a tee which permits the diversion of the sample into a concentrator column connected to the tee. The other end of the concentrator column is joined to a syringe for drawing the sample through the concentrator column. Methods of operating the apparatus are also disclosed.