Abstract: An exercise machine which can independently vary the force and the speed at the user end is developed. The exercise machine includes a constant torque, variable speed reversible motor, a temperature controlled magnetic particle clutch, a gear reducer, a controller, and a suitable lever mechanism. The motor, clutch and gear reducer are chosen in a combination in order to achieve a predetermined output so that any combination of isotonic, isokinetic, isometric, isotonic/isokinetic, constant, variable, active, passive, uni-directional or bi-directional exercise routines can be performed with the exercise machine. With suitable lever modifications, the resistance providing unit can be successfully modified to emulate a shoulder press, bench press, leg exercise machine, arm exercise machine, etc. The output parameters, user force and user speed, are controlled in real time to maintain accuracy. This is made possible by the use of a PC-based controller interfaced to off-the-shelf motor and clutch control boards.

Abstract: An exercise machine which can independently vary the force and the speed at the user end is developed. The exercise machine includes a constant torque, variable speed reversible motor, a temperature controlled magnetic particle clutch, a gear reducer, a controller, and a suitable lever mechanism. The motor, clutch and gear reducer are chosen in a combination in order to achieve a predetermined output so that any combination of isotonic, isokinetic, isometric, isotonic/isokinetic, constant, variable, active, passive, uni-directional or bi-directional exercise routines can be performed with the exercise machine. With suitable lever modifications, the resistance providing unit can be successfully modified to emulate a shoulder press, bench press, leg exercise machine, arm exercise machine, etc. The output parameters, user force and user speed, are controlled in real time to maintain accuracy. This is made possible by the use of a PC-based controller interfaced to off-the-shelf motor and clutch control boards.

Abstract: A jaw and neck muscle exercise apparatus which includes a spring loaded support arm attached to a soft chin support on one end and to a chest plate on the other end. The chest plate is strapped around the chest bone/collar bone area and the back of the neck by a collar strap. The lower jaw may then be exercised by opening the mouth or lowering the entire head against the resistance of the spring. The resistance is selected to be proper for the size and strength of the user and the progress of the exercise program to date. Proper use of this device will cause the muscles of the face, chin and neck to become toned and conditioned, eliminating fatness below the chin and wrinkles, particularly exercising the hyoid, the infrahyoid and digastric muscles.

Abstract: A facial muscle exercise device includes a mouthpiece which fits into the mouth over the lower jaw and teeth, which mouthpiece is connected via an elastic member to a handle which is pressed down by the user to create tension against the lower jaw. The lower jaw may then be exercised by up and down motion or thrusting forward and back or from side to side. Proper use of this device will cause the muscles in the face, chin and neck to become toned and conditioned, eliminating fatness below the chin and wrinkles.

Abstract: An air ventilation apparatus for a flight helmet having a member secured to the helmet and having portion spaced from the helmet to form a plenum chamber and exit nozzle. The exit nozzle is positioned to provide an air flow between the face of the user and the helmet visor. An air inlet is provided on the member, secured to the helmet, for supplying air to the plenum chamber. Spacers are provided between the helmet face mask assembly and the helmet to fit the visor assembly to the helmet when the plenum chamber is attached to the helmet.