Abstract: A bleaching composition is provided which comprises a catalyst having a water-soluble manganese (II) salt adsorbed onto a solid inorganic silicon support material, a peroxide compound, an alkali metal carbonate, and optionally a basic inorganic alkaline earth metal salt, wherein the pH of an aqueous solution containing said composition is 11.0 or higher.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing fatty acid isethionate soaps through direct esterification wherein the catalyst is quenched by an alkaline compound at the end of the esterification. Quenching inhibits transesterification between isethionate and later added stearic acids. Transesterification is undesirable impairing lather and bar soap firmness. The traditional stripping of lower molecular weight fatty acids is no longer necessary where low ratios of fatty acids to isethionates are utilized. Alternatively, stripping can be avoided with traditional molar ratios provided water co-distillate fatty acid is not recycled. Finally, it has been shown that zinc catalyzed reactions provide optimum yield and low corrosion at pH about 2.0 to 2.5.

Abstract: Certain substituted succinic acid compounds, particularly carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid and lactoxysuccinic acid and salts thereof are incorporated as an additive in edible materials, particularly food products. The compounds act as acidulating agents and buffering agents in food products; and the acid forms also impart a pleasant tart taste thereto. In addition, these acids and salts are essentially non-nutritive and non-caloric.

Abstract: Novel 2-keto-6-substituted dioxane-(1,4) compounds having the structural formula: ##EQU1## wherein R is an alkyl radical having 6-9 carbon atoms, mixtures thereof, and R'OCH.sub.2 wherein R' is an alkyl radical having 5-8 carbon atoms. The novel compounds exhibit desirable fragrance and flavor properties.

Abstract: Novel 2-keto-6-substituted dioxane-(1,4) compounds having the structural formula: ##EQU1## wherein R is an alkyl radical having 6-9 carbon atoms, mixtures thereof, and R'OCH.sub.2 wherein R' is an alkyl radical having 5-8 carbon atoms. The novel compounds exhibit desirable fragrance and flavor properties.