Abstract: Delivering stimulation includes delivering temporal patterns of stimulation pulses to respective transducers of an array of transducers, wherein the delivery of the pattern to a particular transducer of the array is different from at least some of the deliveries of the patterns to the other transducers of the array at least according to a time delay. The patterns delivered may include regular temporal patterns each having a respective constant inter-pulse interval. The constant inter-pulse intervals may be about the same. The patterns may be staggered. The transducers may deliver electrical, optical, acoustic, thermal or magnetic stimulation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device for state-dependent pudendal nerve stimulation for bladder control in a subject and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for optimizing patient-specific stimulation parameters for spinal cord stimulation. A patient-specific anatomical model is developed based on a pre-operative image, and a patient-specific electrical model is developed based on the anatomical model. The inputs to the electric model are chosen, and the model is used to calculate a distribution of electrical potentials within the modeled domain. Models of neural elements are stimulated with the electric potentials and used to determine which elements are directly activated by the stimulus. Information about the models inputs and which neural elements are active is applied to a cost function. Based on the value of the cost function, the inputs to the optimization process may be adjusted. Inputs to the optimization process include lead/electrode array geometry, lead configuration, lead positions, and lead signal characteristics, such as pulse width, amplitude, frequency and polarity.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith.

Abstract: It has been discovered that pain felt in a given region of the body can be treated by stimulating a peripheral nerve at a therapeutically effective distance from the region where pain is felt to generate a comfortable sensation (i.e., paresthesia) overlapping the regions of pain. A method has been developed to reduce pain in a painful region following limb joint replacement by stimulating a peripheral nerve innervating the painful region with an electrode inserted into tissue and spaced from the peripheral nerve. This method may be used to help alleviate postoperative pain in patients following total knee arthroplasty surgery or other limb joint replacement surgeries.

Abstract: A system for delivering electrical pulse stimulation to a subject includes a remote control device configured to at least intermittently transmit temporal pulse pattern programming and a stimulation device comprising a control interface, at least one electrode in electrical communication with the control interface, and an input device in at least intermittent communication with the remote control device to receive the temporal pulse pattern programming. The stimulation device is configured to deliver electrical pulse stimulation to a subject via the at least one electrode according to the temporal pulse pattern programming.

Abstract: Systems and methods for administering spinal cord stimulation (SCS) based on temporal patterns of electrical stimulation are disclosed. According to an aspect, a method includes using a computational model of a wide-dynamic range (WDR) neuron to determine one or more non-regular temporal patterns that results in predetermined WDR neuronal output and stimulation activity for one of efficacy optimization and efficiency optimization. The method also includes administering to a subject spinal cord stimulation based on the determined one or more of the non-regular temporal patterns.

Abstract: Optimizing temporal pulse patterns for stimulation delivery to a subject includes: generating a first generation pulse pattern; delivering stimulation according to the first generation pattern to a subject; measuring efficacy, efficiency and side-effect parameters affected by the delivered stimulation; determining a fitness of the first generation pattern using the measured parameters; generating a second generation pattern using the first generation pattern according to the determined fitness of the first generation temporal pattern; and delivering stimulation according to the second generation pattern. Iterative further optimization may include crossing any particular generation temporal pulse pattern with at least one other temporal pulse pattern to generate offspring patterns for further use and optimization. Immigrant random patterns may be added, and offspring patterns may receive point mutations.

Abstract: Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue generate stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide a lower average frequency.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for increasing the efficacy and/or efficiency of deep brain stimulation (DBS) using parameters of stimulation that are custom tailored to a unique set of one or more symptoms and/or to a specific patient is shown and described herein. Also disclosed are devices, systems and methods for recording pertinent neural activity during non-regular patterns of stimulation and processing techniques for these recorded signals and stimulation parameter optimization based on these neural recordings may be used to tune computational models of the stimulation patterns to reproduce the observed neural activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a neuromodulation apparatus and methods of using the neuromodulation apparatus for treating bladder dysfunction.

Abstract: Systems and methods for model-based optimization of spinal cord stimulation electrodes and devices are disclosed. According to an aspect a method includes providing a patient-specific electroanatomical model including the spine, spinal cord, and a map of target neural elements and non-target neural elements. The method also includes using model electrodes to stimulate the target neural elements. Further, the method includes determining differences in activation thresholds between the target neural elements and the non-target neural elements in a plurality of different configurations of the model electrodes. The method also includes generating an optimal spinal cord stimulation electrode configuration based on the determined differences in activation thresholds.

Abstract: Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue generate stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide a lower average frequency.

Abstract: Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue generate stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide a lower average frequency.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith.

Abstract: Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue and generation stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. The features of the stimulation trains may be selected and arranged algorithmically to by clinical trial. These stimulation trains are generated to target a specific neurological disorder, by arranging sets of features which reduce symptoms of that neurological disorder into a pattern which is effective at reducing those symptoms while maintaining or reducing power consumption versus regular stimulation signals. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide increased efficacy and/or a lower than average frequency.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for the use of evoked potentials from the deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode as a feedback signal to indicate lead/contact placement relative to brain targets and to enable selection or modulation of effective stimulation parameters. In some embodiments, the brain signals are recorded using specialized equipment and used to determine characteristics of the electrode position and response to stimulation. In some embodiments, the device is an implantable device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for stimulation of neurological tissue and generation stimulation trains with temporal patterns of stimulation, in which the interval between electrical pulses (the inter-pulse intervals) changes or varies over time. The features of the stimulation trains may be selected and arranged algorithmically to by clinical trial. These stimulation trains are generated to target a specific neurological disorder, by arranging sets of features which reduce symptoms of that neurological disorder into a pattern which is effective at reducing those symptoms while maintaining or reducing power consumption versus regular stimulation signals. Compared to conventional continuous, high rate pulse trains having regular (i.e., constant) inter-pulse intervals, the non-regular (i.e., not constant) pulse patterns or trains that embody features of the invention provide increased efficacy and/or a lower than average frequency.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for the treatment of pain through activation of select neural fibers. The neural fibers may comprise one or more afferent neural fibers and/or one or more efferent neural fibers. If afferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with efferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate afferent pathways in a manner approximating natural afferent activity. The afferent fibers may be associated with primary receptors of muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, secondary receptors of muscle spindles, joint receptors, touch receptors, and other types of mechanoreceptors and/or proprioceptors. If efferent fibers are stimulated, alone or in combination with afferent fibers, a therapeutically effective amount of electrical stimulation is applied to activate intrafusal and/or extrafusal muscle fibers, which results in an indirect activation of afferent fibers associated therewith.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for optimizing patient-specific stimulation parameters for spinal cord stimulation. A patient-specific anatomical model is developed based on a pre-operative image, and a patient-specific electrical model is developed based on the anatomical model. The inputs to the electric model are chosen, and the model is used to calculate a distribution of electrical potentials within the modeled domain. Models of neural elements are stimulated with the electric potentials and used to determine which elements are directly activated by the stimulus. Information about the models inputs and which neural elements are active is applied to a cost function. Based on the value of the cost function, the inputs to the optimization process may be adjusted. Inputs to the optimization process include lead/electrode array geometry, lead configuration, lead positions, and lead signal characteristics, such as pulse width, amplitude, frequency and polarity.